Refinement and Validation of a Three-Dimensional Head-Spine Model
Refinement and Validation of a Three-Dimensional Head-Spine Model

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1978

Total Pages: 163

ISBN-13:

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A three dimensional discrete model of human spine, torso and head has been refined and validated by comparison with available experimental results. The model consists of a system of rigid bodies, representing the head, vertebrae, and ribs, interconnected by deformable elements which represent the intervertebral discs, ligaments, and other connective tissues. Four models of varying orders of complexity have been developed, ranging from a complex model to a very simplified model with 32 degrees of freedom. The simplified model is able to closely reproduce many of the response characteristics of the more complex models in G sub z loadings, and, because of its simplicity and short running time, may be well suited for design use. Experimental results for human subjects suitable for validation of models are primarily available in the form of impedance curves for vertical harmonic excitation so techniques were developed which efficiently obtain impedance curves for the model. Comparisons of the impedance curves show good agreement, both in the magnitudes and locations of peaks. Furthermore, it was shown that the primary peaks in the impedance curve in the 5 to 7 Hz range result from a combination of buttock-seat resonance, the flexural response of the spine and visceral resonance. Analogous head-spine models were developed for the chimpanzee, baboon, and rhesus monkey. The objective of this development was to provide a scaling methodology for dynamic response and injury data among these non-human primates and man. Impedance curves are presented for these models and show significant differences in character from that of the human spine models.

Spinal Imaging and Image Analysis
Spinal Imaging and Image Analysis

Author: Shuo Li

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2014-12-17

Total Pages: 507

ISBN-13: 3319125087

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This book is instrumental to building a bridge between scientists and clinicians in the field of spine imaging by introducing state-of-the-art computational methods in the context of clinical applications. Spine imaging via computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and other radiologic imaging modalities, is essential for noninvasively visualizing and assessing spinal pathology. Computational methods support and enhance the physician’s ability to utilize these imaging techniques for diagnosis, non-invasive treatment, and intervention in clinical practice. Chapters cover a broad range of topics encompassing radiological imaging modalities, clinical imaging applications for common spine diseases, image processing, computer-aided diagnosis, quantitative analysis, data reconstruction and visualization, statistical modeling, image-guided spine intervention, and robotic surgery. This volume serves a broad audience as contributions were written by both clinicians and researchers, which reflects the intended readership as well, being a potentially comprehensive book for all spine related clinicians, technicians, scientists, and graduate students.

A Two-dimensional Human Spine Simulation and Three-dimensional Spine Model Construction
A Two-dimensional Human Spine Simulation and Three-dimensional Spine Model Construction

Author: Jianzhi Liu

Publisher:

Published: 2001

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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ABSTRACT: This thesis describes two different, but complementary modeling tasks for the human spine. Methodologies for modeling and simulation of the motion of the human spine vary dramatically in complexity. While providing detailed stress and strain field representations, full finite element modeling of the human spine can be computationally expensive. Alternatively, nonlinear multibody dynamics representations are often used because of their simplicity. These formulations employ rigid models of vertebrae interconnected via conventional mechanical joints. However, it is well documented that inter-vertebral motion can depart significantly from conventional mechanical joint constraints. We present an identification methodology that employs a relaxation technique in which joint mechanical properties are represented via a probability measure. In addition we describe an effort to obtain accurate three-dimensional models of the human spine. These efforts are motivated by considering scoliosis. Scoliosis is defined as abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. It is usually considered as a three-dimensional deformity, because axial rotation will always accompany the lateral curvature. The correction of the deformity is required when the patient risks severe deformity. A three-dimensional spine model is constructed and a computer simulation tool is provided.

Three Dimensional Analysis of Spinal Deformities
Three Dimensional Analysis of Spinal Deformities

Author: M. D'Amico

Publisher: IOS Press

Published: 1995

Total Pages: 478

ISBN-13: 9789051991819

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Changes in Shape of the Spine with Idiopathic Scoliosis after Harrington or C-D Instrumentation: The Plan View -- 3-D Correction Obtained with the C-D Procedure During Surgery -- Results of Treatment of Scoliosis with the Cotrel-Dubousset Technique -- Technics and Preliminary Results Colorado -- A Preliminary Report on the Surgical Realignment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis with Isola Instrumentation -- Osteoporotic Fractures with Neurological Complications -- Simulation of Surgical Maneuvers with C-D Instrumentation -- Adolescence and Orthopaedic Braces: Psychological Conflicts? -- Preliminary Results of Specific Exercises During In-Patient Scoliosis Rehabilitation -- Cardiopulmonary Performance in Patients with Severe Scoliosis - Outcome after Specific Rehabilitation -- Scoliotic Flatback and Specific Rehabilitation -- Chapter 6. Surface Topography & Internal 3-D Spinal and/or Trunk Anatomy -- Scoliosis Follow-Up by Back Shape Analysis -- Evaluation of Its Reliability -- Digital 3D Moiré - Topography -- Evolution of Scoliosis by Optical Scanner I.S.I.S. -- Automated 360° Degree Profilometry of Human Trunk for Spinal Deformity Analysis -- Spinal Surface Digitization Using 'Metrecom' in Scoliosis Screening -- High-Resolution Rasterstereography -- Reproducibility and Reliability of the Quantec Surface Imaging System in the Assessment of Spinal Deformity -- Investigation of the Diurnal Variation in the Water Content of the Intervertebral Disc Using MRI and Its Implications for Scoliosis -- Author Index

Biomechanics of the Spine
Biomechanics of the Spine

Author: Navid Soltani

Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing

Published: 2014-02

Total Pages: 96

ISBN-13: 9783659512025

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To achieve a new method for predicting the result of disc replacement or to predict biomechanics of lumbar (or any other skeletal segment) by finite element model analysis, its necessary to follow an organized procedure including 3D bone model, meshing the proposed model, designing an artificial implant and simulation of loading condition. In this study we try to explain the whole procedure step by step from importing the CT image to analysis of lumbar section with designed implant. First it's explained how the 3D model can be made based on the CT image using MIMICS software and some details related to simulation of the skeletal model by this software will be released. Second part shows the tutorial method for importing proposed model in ABAQUS software and how it can be analyzed. This step by step tutorial is helpful in lumbar biomechanics and creating human body skeletal model. Also it is useful to achieve a perfect procedure for creating and analyzing lumbar disc implant.