The central theme of this book is the strengthening of the legitimacy and integrity of international law in the post-Cold War, interdependent international community. The investigation focuses on the relationship between international decision-making procedures, in particular compulsory third party dispute settlement, and legitimacy and integrity as perceived by states and other international actors. It starts with a description of recent developments with regard to dispute settlement in the law of the sea, GATT/WTO, Antarctica, and global environmental protection. Compulsory third-party dispute settlement has been accepted in treaty regimes in these fields as it is indispensable in safeguarding the legitimacy and integrity of such regimes. The focus then shifts to an extensive analysis of changes in the international community in general, and their consequences for the international legal system. By focusing on legitimacy and integrity, and by providing a theoretical framework in which these concepts can be applied, this book contributes significantly to the discussion of the theoretical foundations of international law. The author is winner of the 1995 Award of the Foundation Praemium Erasmianum, Amsterdam.
The central theme of this book is the strengthening of the legitimacy and integrity of international law in the post-Cold War, interdependent international community. The investigation focuses on the relationship between international decision-making procedures, in particular compulsory third party dispute settlement, and legitimacy and integrity as perceived by states and other international actors. It starts with a description of recent developments with regard to dispute settlement in the law of the sea, GATT/WTO, Antarctica, and global environmental protection. Compulsory third-party dispute settlement has been accepted in treaty regimes in these fields as it is indispensable in safeguarding the legitimacy and integrity of such regimes. The focus then shifts to an extensive analysis of changes in the international community in general, and their consequences for the international legal system. By focusing on legitimacy and integrity, and by providing a theoretical framework in which these concepts can be applied, this book contributes significantly to the discussion of the theoretical foundations of international law. The author is winner of the 1995 Award of the Foundation Praemium Erasmianum, Amsterdam.
The existence of international law, with its rights, rules and regulations is futile without an effective enforcement mechanism that provides a sufficient and adequate remedy. International space law is particularly significant in the evolution of international dispute settlement because it involves a consideration of issues from an international and interdisciplinary perspective. These issues range from policies of regional and international organizations; to juridical dispute settlement and global governance; to fiscal entrepreneurship and business efficacy; and to scientific breakthroughs and technological advances. In this context, this book looks at an international and interdisciplinary approach in dealing with dispute resolution in space activities. It proposes a workable legal framework for dispute resolution in outer space, together with a mechanism for enforcement and verification.
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea is one of the most important constitutive instruments in international law. Not only does this treaty regulate the uses of the world's largest resource, but it also contains a mandatory dispute settlement system - an unusual phenomenon in international law. While some scholars have lauded this development as a significant achievement, others have been highly sceptical of its comprehensiveness and effectiveness. This book explores whether a compulsory dispute settlement mechanism is necessary for the regulation of the oceans under the Convention. The requisite role of dispute settlement in the Convention is determined through an assessment of its relationship to the substantive provisions. Klein firstly describes the dispute settlement procedure in the Convention. She then takes each of the issue areas subject to limitations or exceptions to compulsory procedures entailing binding decisions, and analyses the interrelationship between the substantive and procedural rules.
The review of the dispute settlement system of the WTO was written into the results of the Uruguay Round establishing the organization. The planned review after four years failed to reach a conclusion and the review process was extended several times, to be finally taken up as a separate part of the Doha Round.
A completely updated edition of a definitive survey of the peaceful settlement of disputes - a key aspect of international law and international relations. Many methods of handling such disputes have been developed, and this book explains what the relevant techniques and institutions are, how they work and when they are used. Separate chapters cover the various diplomatic methods (negotiation, mediation, inquiry and conciliation), the legal methods (arbitration and judicial settlement), the special arrangements for disputes concerning trade or the law of the sea, and the role of the United Nations and regional organisations. The strengths and limitations of each method are illustrated with numerous examples taken from international practice. This new edition deals with many current developments, including the latest UN peace-keeping operations, the work of the WTO and of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, and the latest case-law of the International Court of Justice.
In the contemporary discipline of conflict resolution, adjudication and alternative dispute resolution (ADR) are often seen as antagonistic trends. This important book contends that, on the contrary, it is the bringing together of these trends that holds the most promise for an effective system of international justice. With great insight and passion, built firmly on a vast knowledge of the field, Lars Kirchhoff exposes the contemporary structural barriers to effective conflict resolution, defining where adjudication ends and ADR--and particularly the recent development of mediated third party intervention from an 'art' to a veritable 'science'--must come into play. The work starts by defining the challenges, potentials and shortcomings of different approaches to conflict resolution in an interdependent world--where the multiplicity of actors, topics and interests involved even in seemingly bilateral conflict situations is clearly manifest--and goes on to define useful models and connect the various elements relevant for the resolution of conflicts in a transparent way. In the course of its investigation the book accomplishes the following: * illustrates the various departure points and perspectives scholars of conflict resolution have taken as the basis for their work; discusses who should become involved in conflicts as a third party and by which techniques this should occur; systematically conveys the nature and consequences of intervention through mediation, focusing on the method's critical challenges; and clarifies the particular model of international mediation under development through UN initiatives. In approaching these intertwined topics, the author draws concrete conclusions for the realms of international law and related disciplines as well as for the organizational context of the United Nations. He explores such diverse scenarios as conflicts between States, conflicts involving international organizations, and--in accordance with the changing parameters of international law--even conflicts involving individuals, clarifying which constellations can be tackled by international mediation and which conflicts should be dealt with by other forms of diplomacy or adjudication. It is the conviction of many intermediaries and scholars that the considerable potential inherent in resolving conflicts peacefully is rarely put into practice. Although some of the reasons for this phenomenon are beyond the influence of scholarly debate, in many instances the reasons for failure of peaceful resolution processes are more structural or systemic in nature. It is the great virtue of this book that it establishes enough clarity in an unclear and complex field to make concrete and workable recommendations in these instances, and for that reason it will be of immeasurable value and benefit to all scholars, policymakers, and activists dedicated to the pursuit of peace.
The collected papers in ICCA Congress Series no. 11, as reflected in its title, address important contemporary questions in international commercial arbitration. Included are contributions written by participants in the UNCITRAL Working Group on Arbitration and Conciliation on its current work on the requirement of a written form for an arbitration agreement, interim measures of protection and UNCITRAL?s Model Law on International Commercial Conciliation. Further contributions give leading practitioners? views on illegality in the formation and performance of contracts or in the conduct of the arbitration, examining questions on how the arbitral tribunal should deal with these vexed issues and how forgery and fraud may be detected. The factors that lead to acceptance by parties of the decisions of arbitrators are dealt with in contributions on the psychological aspects of dispute resolution. The volume concludes with a series of articles on arbitration under investment treaties written by experienced arbitrators and practitioners, with special emphasis on ICSID and NAFTA and the emerging issues of transparency, accountability and review. Contains lengthy articles on the ongoing work of UNCITRAL on proposed amendments to the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration and the recently adopted Model Law on International Commercial Conciliation Details the current thinking on the requirement of an arbitration agreement in writing and how this can be accommodated by the UNCITRAL Model Law and the 1958 New York Convention Addresses the granting of interim measures by arbitral tribunals and their enforcement by national and foreign courts Analyzes issues raised by illegality in the formation and performance of contracts and in the conduct arbitrations and provides a systematic overview of the answers given by legislation, arbitrators and courts Provides insight into the attitudes of arbitrators and parties regarding dispute settlement processes Addresses the changing public perception of arbitration under investment treaties
