Thin Films for Photovoltaic and Related Device Applications: Volume 426
Thin Films for Photovoltaic and Related Device Applications: Volume 426

Author: David Ginley

Publisher:

Published: 1996-11-18

Total Pages: 632

ISBN-13:

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There has been considerable progress in the development of thin-film photovoltaic devices with new efficiency records and enhanced durability. These achievements are the result of significant advances in the fundamental understanding of the materials, interfaces and devices. With 18 countries represented, this truly international volume brings together engineers and researchers from academic, industrial and national laboratories worldwide to review different materials systems and address common issues and problems. A wide variety of topics related to the development of thin-film photovoltaic and related devices, including thick-film transistors and materials for flat-panel displays, are addressed. Areas of emphasis include materials synthesis, device fabrication and characterization, and modelling. Topics include: thin-film amorphous silicon devices; thin-film silicon devices; thin-film devices based on copper-indium diselenide; cadmium-telluride devices; transparent conductive oxides and related materials for thin-film devices; and novel concepts for thin-film photovoltaics.

Thin Films Stresses and Mechanical Properties VI
Thin Films Stresses and Mechanical Properties VI

Author: William W. Gerberich

Publisher:

Published: 1997

Total Pages: 576

ISBN-13:

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Interest in the mechanical properties of thin films remains high throughout the world, as evidenced by the large international contingent represented in this book. With regard to stresses, techniques for sorting out residual stress and strain states are becoming more varied and sophisticated. Discussions include Raman scattering, nonlinear acoustic responses and back-scattered electron imaging microscopies, as well as the more standard wafer-bending and X-ray techniques. Spectroscopy, indenting and the burgeoning field of nanoprobe imaging for the characterization of mechanical properties of thin films are also highlighted. Topics include: mechanical properties of films and multilayers; fracture and adhesion; nanoindentation of films and surfaces; mechanical property methods and modelling; tribological properties of thin films; properties of polymer films; stress effects in thin films and interconnects; epitaxy and strain relief mechanisms, measurements.

Thin Films Stresses and Mechanical Properties VI
Thin Films Stresses and Mechanical Properties VI

Author: Shefford P. Baker

Publisher: Materials Research Society

Published: 1996-02-11

Total Pages: 576

ISBN-13: 9781558993396

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Interest in the mechanical properties of thin films remains high throughout the world, as evidenced by the large international contingent represented in this book. With regard to stresses, techniques for sorting out residual stress and strain states are becoming more varied and sophisticated. Discussions include Raman scattering, nonlinear acoustic responses and back-scattered electron imaging microscopies, as well as the more standard wafer-bending and X-ray techniques. Spectroscopy, indenting and the burgeoning field of nanoprobe imaging for the characterization of mechanical properties of thin films are also highlighted. Topics include: mechanical properties of films and multilayers; fracture and adhesion; nanoindentation of films and surfaces; mechanical property methods and modelling; tribological properties of thin films; properties of polymer films; stress effects in thin films and interconnects; epitaxy and strain relief mechanisms, measurements.

Materials Reliability in Microelectronics VI: Volume 428
Materials Reliability in Microelectronics VI: Volume 428

Author: William F. Filter

Publisher:

Published: 1996-11-18

Total Pages: 616

ISBN-13:

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MRS books on materials reliability in microelectronics have become the snapshot of progress in this field. Reduced feature size, increased speed, and larger area are all factors contributing to the continual performance and functionality improvements in integrated circuit technology. These same factors place demands on the reliability of the individual components that make up the IC. Achieving increased reliability requires an improved understanding of both thin-film and patterned-feature materials properties and their degradation mechanisms, how materials and processes used to fabricate ICs interact, and how they may be tailored to enable reliability improvements. This book focuses on the physics and materials science of microelectronics reliability problems rather than the traditional statistical, accelerated electrical testing aspects. Studies are grouped into three large sections covering electromigration, gate oxide reliability and mechanical stress behavior. Topics include: historical summary; reliability issues for Cu metallization; characterization of electromigration phenomena; modelling; microstructural evolution and influences; oxide and device reliability; thin oxynitride dielectrics; noncontact diagnostics; stress effects in thin films and interconnects and microbeam X-ray techniques for stress measurements.

Applications of Synchrotron Radiation to III: Volume 437
Applications of Synchrotron Radiation to III: Volume 437

Author: Louis J. Terminello

Publisher:

Published: 1996-12-03

Total Pages: 282

ISBN-13:

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As third-generation synchrotron facilities are constructed and go online in both the United States and around the world, increasingly more applications of synchrotron radiation will be realized. Both basic and applied research possibilities are manyfold, and include studies of solid surfaces and interfaces, electronic materials, metal oxides, glasses, thin films, superconductors, polymers, alloys, multilayer metal systems and intermetallic compounds. In addition, the combination of synchrotron-based spectroscopic techniques, with ever increasing high-resolution microscopy, allows researchers to study very small domains of materials in an attempt to understand their chemical and electronic properties. This book from MRS focuses on the various types of information that can be obtained from synchrotron-related techniques in order to expand the use of this unique and powerful experimental approach to materials research. Topics include: structure of reduced dimensional materials; magnetic materials; microscopy, topography and tomography; X-ray probes of solids; and materials characterization with X-ray absorption.

Thin Films - Structure and Morphology: Volume 441
Thin Films - Structure and Morphology: Volume 441

Author: Steven C. Moss

Publisher:

Published: 1997-07-29

Total Pages: 904

ISBN-13:

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An interdisciplinary group of materials scientists, physicists, chemists and engineers come together in this book to discuss recent advances in the structure and morphology of thin films. Both scientific and technological issues are addressed. Work on thin films for a host of applications including microelectronics, optics, tribology, biomedical technologies and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are featured. Topics include: kinetics of growth; grain growth; instabilities, segregation and ordering; silicides; metallization; stresses in thin films; deposition and growth simulations; energetic growth processes; diamond films and carbide and nitride films.

Infrared Applications of Semiconductors: Volume 450
Infrared Applications of Semiconductors: Volume 450

Author: M. Omar Manasreh

Publisher:

Published: 1997-03-17

Total Pages: 512

ISBN-13:

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This book is unique in that it combines for the first time the infrared detectors and infrared lasers and emitters in one volume. It is merely a step, however, in a very fast-changing field, toward achieving an understanding of novel structures that can be used for high-performance infrared detectors, imaging arrays, infrared lasers and sources. Internationally-known experts discuss recent advances in materials structures, processing and device performances, with presentations crossing materials and discipline boundaries. Recent investigations based on III-V, II-VI and IV bulk semiconductors, quantum wells, and superlattices for long-wavelength infrared detectors, emitters, sources and materials are featured. Topics include: antimonide-related materials and devices; quantum wells and devices; quantum infrared detectors; HgCdTe - materials, devices and processing; nonlinear and parametric oscillator material; interdiffusion in heterostructures and related topics.

Spectroscopic Ellipsometry for Photovoltaics
Spectroscopic Ellipsometry for Photovoltaics

Author: Hiroyuki Fujiwara

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2019-01-10

Total Pages: 602

ISBN-13: 3319753770

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This book provides a basic understanding of spectroscopic ellipsometry, with a focus on characterization methods of a broad range of solar cell materials/devices, from traditional solar cell materials (Si, CuInGaSe2, and CdTe) to more advanced emerging materials (Cu2ZnSnSe4, organics, and hybrid perovskites), fulfilling a critical need in the photovoltaic community. The book describes optical constants of a variety of semiconductor light absorbers, transparent conductive oxides and metals that are vital for the interpretation of solar cell characteristics and device simulations. It is divided into four parts: fundamental principles of ellipsometry; characterization of solar cell materials/structures; ellipsometry applications including optical simulations of solar cell devices and online monitoring of film processing; and the optical constants of solar cell component layers.

Compound Semiconductor Electronics and Photonics: Volume 421
Compound Semiconductor Electronics and Photonics: Volume 421

Author: R. J. Shul

Publisher:

Published: 1996-10-14

Total Pages: 480

ISBN-13:

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III-V semiconductors have continued to find new applications in optical data transmission, full-color displays, automotive electronics and personal communication systems. Complex epitaxial growth, processing, device design and circuit architecture are all necessary for realization of these elements. This book brings together the diverse group of scientists and researchers that are required to develop the next-generation devices. The wide bandgap nitrides, GaN, AlN, InN and their alloys are featured. The commercial availability of blue- and green-light-emitting diodes based on the InGaN/AlGaN system, and the recent announcement of pulsed operation of a laser diode, have stimulated interest in the growth, characterization and processing of these materials. Potential applications in high-temperature/high-power electronics appear promising because of the good transport properties of these nitrides. Topics include: growth and characterization; photonics and processing; electronics and processing; wide bandgap semiconductors and novel devices and processing.