Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles

Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles

Author: Peter S. Liss

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2013-12-18

Total Pages: 366

ISBN-13: 3642256430

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The oceans and atmosphere interact through various processes, including the transfer of momentum, heat, gases and particles. In this book leading international experts come together to provide a state-of-the-art account of these exchanges and their role in the Earth-system, with particular focus on gases and particles. Chapters in the book cover: i) the ocean-atmosphere exchange of short-lived trace gases; ii) mechanisms and models of interfacial exchange (including transfer velocity parameterisations); iii) ocean-atmosphere exchange of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide; iv) ocean atmosphere exchange of particles and v) current and future data collection and synthesis efforts. The scope of the book extends to the biogeochemical responses to emitted / deposited material and interactions and feedbacks in the wider Earth-system context. This work constitutes a highly detailed synthesis and reference; of interest to higher-level university students (Masters, PhD) and researchers in ocean-atmosphere interactions and related fields (Earth-system science, marine / atmospheric biogeochemistry / climate). Production of this book was supported and funded by the EU COST Action 735 and coordinated by the International SOLAS (Surface Ocean- Lower Atmosphere Study) project office.


Applied Turbulence Modelling in Marine Waters

Applied Turbulence Modelling in Marine Waters

Author: Hans Burchard

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2002-09-23

Total Pages: 224

ISBN-13: 3540437959

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The simulation of turbulent mixing processes in marine waters is one of the most pressing tasks in oceanography. It is rendered difficult by the various complex phenomena occurring in these waters like strong stratification, ex ternal and internal waves, wind generated turbulence, Langmuir circulation etc. The need for simulation methods is especially great in this area because the physical processes cannot be investigated in the laboratory. Tradition ally, empirical bulk type models were used in oceanography, which, however, cannot account for many of the complex physical phenomena occurring. In engineering, statistical turbulence models describing locally the turbulence mixing processes were introduced in the early seventies, such as the k E model which is still one of the most widely used models in Computational Fluid Dy namics. Soon after, turbulence models were applied more and more also in the atmospheric sciences, and here the k kL model of Mellor and Yamada became particularly popular. In oceanography, statistical turbulence mod els were introduced rather late, i. e. in the eighties, and mainly models were taken over from the fields mentioned above, with some adjustments to the problems occurring in marine waters. In the literature on turbulence model applications to oceanography problems controversial findings and claims are reported about the various models, creating also an uncertainty on how well the models work in marine water problems.


Air-Sea Interaction

Air-Sea Interaction

Author: F. Dobson

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 797

ISBN-13: 1461591821

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During the past decade, man's centuries-old interest in marine me teorology and oceanography has broadened. Ocean and atmosphere are now treated as coupled parts of one system; the resulting interest in air-sea interaction problems has led to a rapid growth in the sophistication of instruments and measurement techniques. This book has been designed as a reference text which describes, albng with the instruments themselves, the accumulated practical experi ence of experts engaged in field observations of air-sea interac tions. It is meant to supplement rather than replace manuals on standard routine observations or instnunentation handbooks. At the inception a textbook was planned, which would contain only well tested methods and instruments. It was quickly discovered that for the book to be useful many devices and techniques would have to be included which are still evolving rapidly. The reader is therefore cautioned to take nothing in these pages for granted. Certainly, every contributor is an expert, but while some are back ed up by generations of published work, others are pioneers. The choice of topics, of course, is debatable. The types of observa tions included are not exhaustive and topics such as marine aero sols and radio-tracers are omitted, as was the general subject of remote sensing, which was felt to be too broad and evol ving too rapidly. The guideline adopted in limiting size was maximum use fulness to 'a trained experimentalist new to the field'.


Atmosphere-ocean Interactions

Atmosphere-ocean Interactions

Author: William Allan Perrie

Publisher: WIT Press

Published: 2002

Total Pages: 241

ISBN-13: 1853129291

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The increase in levels of population and human development in coastal areas has led to a greater importance of understanding atmosphere-ocean interactions. This second volume on atmosphere-ocean interactions aims to present several of the key mechanisms that are important for the development of marine storms.


The Interaction of Ocean Waves and Wind

The Interaction of Ocean Waves and Wind

Author: Peter Janssen

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2004-10-28

Total Pages: 310

ISBN-13: 0521465400

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This book was published in 2004. The Interaction of Ocean Waves and Wind describes in detail the two-way interaction between wind and ocean waves and shows how ocean waves affect weather forecasting on timescales of 5 to 90 days. Winds generate ocean waves, but at the same time airflow is modified due to the loss of energy and momentum to the waves; thus, momentum loss from the atmosphere to the ocean depends on the state of the waves. This volume discusses ocean wave evolution according to the energy balance equation. An extensive overview of nonlinear transfer is given, and as a by-product the role of four-wave interactions in the generation of extreme events, such as freak waves, is discussed. Effects on ocean circulation are described. Coupled ocean-wave, atmosphere modelling gives improved weather and wave forecasts. This volume will interest ocean wave modellers, physicists and applied mathematicians, and engineers interested in shipping and coastal protection.


Wind Stress Over the Ocean

Wind Stress Over the Ocean

Author: Ian S. F. Jones

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2001-09-24

Total Pages: 277

ISBN-13: 0521662435

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A comprehensive 2001 volume for researchers and graduate students in oceanography, meteorology, fluid dynamics and coastal engineering.


Wind Over Waves

Wind Over Waves

Author: S G Sajjadi

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2003-07-01

Total Pages: 250

ISBN-13: 0857099531

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This book addresses ocean wave processes and turbulence as they affect oceanography, meteorology, marine and coastal engineering. It will enable applied mathematicians, seafarers, and all others affected by these phenomena to predict and control wave effects on shipping safety, weather forecasting, offshore structures, sediment pollution, and ice dynamics in polar regions. The focus is on analytical and computational methods for solving equations of motion and studying non-linear aspects of waves and turbulence. Results included show how sudden gusts and winds over waves can modify the mechanisms of wave-breaking and oceanic turbulence.The book records the proceedings of the Wind Over Waves conference of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications at Churchill College, Cambridge. Co-sponsors with the IMA are the Institute of Civil Engineers and the Royal Meteorological Society. - Addresses ocean wave processes and turbulence as they affect oceanography, meteorology, marine and coastal engineering - Focuses on analytical and computational methods for solving equations of motion and studying non-linear aspects of waves and turbulence - Records the proceedings of the Wind Over Waves conference of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications at Churchill College, Cambridge