There are over 3000 runic inscriptions on stone made in Scandinavia in the late Viking Age. This book is the first attempt by a historian to study the material as a whole. The analysis reveals significant regional variations that reflect different stages in the process of conversion, and thegrowth of royal power. Many monuments were declarations of faith or manifestations of status; but virtually all reflect inheritance claims, and cast unexpected light on the prehistory of the inheritance customs found in later Scandinavian law codes. The results of this analysis make a significantcontribution to understanding developments in other parts of the Germanic world, as well as Scandinavia. The inclusion of a digest of the data-base on which this book is based will facilitate further study of this rich vein of evidence.
What do our myths say about us? Why do we choose to believe stories that have been disproven? David M. Krueger takes an in-depth look at a legend that held tremendous power in one corner of Minnesota, helping to define both a community’s and a state’s identity for decades. In 1898, a Swedish immigrant farmer claimed to have discovered a large rock with writing carved into its surface in a field near Kensington, Minnesota. The writing told a North American origin story, predating Christopher Columbus’s exploration, in which Viking missionaries reached what is now Minnesota in 1362 only to be massacred by Indians. The tale’s credibility was quickly challenged and ultimately undermined by experts, but the myth took hold. Faith in the authenticity of the Kensington Rune Stone was a crucial part of the local Nordic identity. Accepted and proclaimed as truth, the story of the Rune Stone recast Native Americans as villains. The community used the account as the basis for civic celebrations for years, and advocates for the stone continue to promote its validity despite the overwhelming evidence that it was a hoax. Krueger puts this stubborn conviction in context and shows how confidence in the legitimacy of the stone has deep implications for a wide variety of Minnesotans who embraced it, including Scandinavian immigrants, Catholics, small-town boosters, and those who desired to commemorate the white settlers who died in the Dakota War of 1862. Krueger demonstrates how the resilient belief in the Rune Stone is a form of civil religion, with aspects that defy logic but illustrate how communities characterize themselves. He reveals something unique about America’s preoccupation with divine right and its troubled way of coming to terms with the history of the continent’s first residents. By considering who is included, who is left out, and how heroes and villains are created in the stories we tell about the past, Myths of the Rune Stone offers an enlightening perspective on not just Minnesota but the United States as well.
The essays that comprise this study range from detailed discussion of the forms of particular runes in the runic alphabet to the wider matters on which runes throw light, such as magic, paganism, literacy and linguistic change.
Machine generated contents note: 1 Introduction: Rocks and Rhymes ' -- The Karlevi stone -- Runic inscriptions, skaldic verse and the late Viking Age -- Literacy and orality -- The runic corpus -- The skaldic corpus -- Verse in prose contexts -- Reconstructing viking verse -- The manuscript transmission -- Viking verse as a historical source -- Semantic study of skaldic verse and runic inscriptions -- Skaldic vocabulary in context -- Runes and semantics -- Comparative angles -- Sources and conventions -- Ships and men in the late Viking Age -- 2 Viking Activities -- Vikings -- vikingr -- viking -- Death and war -- 'He died' -- Battles and raids -- The fall of warriors -- Trade -- Pilgrimage -- 3 Viking Destinations -- 'East' and 'west' -- The western route -- 'West' -- England -- Britain and Ireland -- Further west -- The European continent and further south -- Saxony and Frisia -- Brittany and points south -- Normandy and southern Italy -- Africa -- The eastern route -- 'rast' -- The Baltic area -- Russia -- Byzantium and Jerusalem -- Ingvarr's expedition -- Serkland -- Scandinavia -- Hedeby -- Denmark to Sweden -- Two more towns -- 4 Ships and Sailing -- Words for 'ship' -- skip -- skeid -- snekkja -- dreki -- knQrr -- Oak and pine -- Miscellaneous words -- Summary -- Names of ships -- The ship and its parts -- The hull -- The stems -- Inside the hull -- Rudders, oars and shields -- Masts, sails and rigging -- In harbour and on land -- The vocabulary of sailing -- Description and metaphor -- Preparing and launching -- The ship in the sea -- Shipwreck and landing -- 5 The Crew, the Fleet and Battles at Sea -- Manning a ship -- The owner -- The captain -- The crew -- The fleet and the troop -- lid -- Compounds with -lid -- fioti -- leidangr -- The troop -- Units of the fleet -- Summary -- Battles at sea -- Maritime warfare -- Place and time -- Preliminaries to battle -- Bringing the ships together -- Attack and defence -- Victory and booty -- Not like leeks and ale -- 6 Group and Ethos in War and Trade -- The group and its vocabulary -- drengr -- fdlagi -- heimpegi -- huskarl -- gildi -- The ideology of battle -- 'He fled not' -- 'He fed eagles, ravens and wolves' -- The symbolism of battle: ravens and banners -- Murder and betrayal -- Kinds of killing -- Treachery -- Loyalty -- Treachery and politics -- 7 Epilogue: Kings and Ships -- From vikings to kings -- Royal and other ships in the eleventh century -- After the Viking Age -- Conclusion -- Works cited -- Appendix I: The runic corpus -- Appendix II: The skaldic corpus -- Index of words and names -- General index
In the world of Viking Magic a mark scratched in stone can take away pain a cloak can save you from drowning a boy can turn into a lynx But what if the magic is back-to-front? Oddo the farmer's son gets into trouble for doing magic, while Thora the spellworker's daughter is teased because she can't. Using the power of runes to fix things up seems like a good idea, but the two friends discover there's more to it than they thought. And now they face a dangerous sea voyage to a far-off place. Can they do it on their own? And what awaits them on their return? Runestone is the first story in the spellbinding Viking Magic series; an ideal book for readers who enjoy a strong story and a richly imagined world.
Describes the ancient writing system used by Northmen, Anglo-Saxons, and Vikings, and the inscriptions found in Scandanavia, the British Isles, and North America.
Runes and Their Secrets is a collection of articles written mainly in English by recognized scholars, examining a wide range of runological topics. The articles originated as papers read at an international runic symposium that was held in 2000. Jelling Runes embraces Danish runic inscriptions from the first to the sixteenth century, including such topics as the names of the runes, their chronology, literacy, runic coins, etc. There are also articles on the oldest runic research and runic magic. Several of the articles present brand new knowledge, for example about runic encryption of military and erotic secrets from the middle of the sixteenth century. (Formerly titled: Jelling Runes)
The wolves of Odin have been unleashed: the hunt has begun. Anno Domini 1040. Christianity has swept unstoppably across Scandinavia, leaving few enclaves of the old ways clinging on to their fading world as King Olof of Sweden works to convert his people. A young warrior, Halfdan, has witnessed the ‘mercy’ of the Christian lords, watched his people attacked, his village burned and the Odin stone toppled as heretical. Watched his father cut down by an ambitious Christian jarl and his zealous priest. Among the ashes of his world he vowed an oath of vengeance before all the gods. That oath will bring together an unlikely band of allies and carry them to the very edge of the world, fighting giants, dragons and wraiths, in pursuit of his father’s killer: Yngvar. The jarl is powerful, and the weaving of Fate difficult, but the blood price must be paid. A compelling and explosive novel of revenge, this is a major new series from S.J.A. Turney. Perfect for fans of Bernard Cornwell, Giles Kristian and Angus Donald. Praise for Blood Feud 'Si Turney is a natural born storyteller, gifted, brilliant and utterly enthralling. Blood Feud tells the story of a young Norse warrior, Halfdan, who swears to avenge the murder of his father. The reader is almost immediately immersed into the action, swept away into the dragon-ship beside Halfdan and his tough, salty and occasionally hilarious crew of Vikings... An intelligent, fast-paced but finely crafted novel of battle, comradeship and bloody revenge – with some surprising twists along the way. Highly recommended to all those who enjoy a superior Viking adventure yarn!' Angus Donald, author of The Last Berserker 'SJA Turney's new Viking epic is a bone-crunching good time! A resourceful young warrior on a quest for vengeance takes to the sea with a dragon long-ship and a motley band of new friends, fighting old enemies, foreign wars and the mysterious workings of fate at every new turn of the tide. Blood Feud is sure to thrill those mourning the end of Bernard Cornwell's Saxon Stories' Kate Quinn, author of The Rose Code 'A rich combination of saga and quest, religion and violence, with a satisfying conclusion that paves the way for further adventures' Ruth Downie, author of the Medicus series
