Before radio and sound movies, early 20th century performers and lecturers traveled the nation providing entertainment and education to Americans thirsty for culture. These "chautauquas" brought politicians, activists, scholars, musical ensembles and theatrical productions to remote communities. A conduit for global perspectives and progressive ideas, these gatherings introduced issues like equal suffrage, prohibition and pure food laws to rural America. This book explores an overlooked yet influential movement in U.S. history, capturing the vagaries of speakers' and performers' lives on the road and their reception by audiences. Excerpts from lectures and plays portray a vibrant circuit that in a single summer drew 20 million in more than 9,000 towns.
In 1904, a showman and Redpath Leyceum Bureau manager named Keith Vawter, put the main forms of entertainment of the time—comedy and culture—on the same platform in a travelling tent, “marrying the respectability of the Lyceum to the spangles of the stage,” and named the union “Chautauqua,” after an institution established permanently on Chautauqua Lake, New York. For the next thirty years, Chautauqua tents rolled back and forth and up and down America, pitching in pastures, school yards and courthouse squares. “They offered not only the soaring oratory of a William Jennings Bryan, but also music, drama, magic, art lessons, cooking classes, low comedy and high-minded debates. Millions of eager listeners under the “big top” canvas, hot with summer’s sun, perspired freely and soaked up both erudition and amusement.” This book, first published in 1958, takes a close look at the movement that allowed men to talk freely from this new informal platform, abandoning nineteenth-century taboos.
Chautauqua traces the history of the traveling Chautauqua movement through the lives of several fictional performers. The main protagonist, Marcie Grover, is a Nebraska farm girl, who, at age fifteen, wants to leave the farm and travel with the Redpath Chautauqua. Her father finds no objection, since her farm labors are negligible, and so, she is hired as a childcare girl to keep the children of the Chautauqua audience busy so they can enjoy the performances. The book covers the lives of its fictional characters, Marcie Grover, Sally Conn, Jos Cruz, and Helen Kinleft, among others, from the close of the 19th Century until the end of the 20th Century. We experience the struggles, successes, fears, excitement and pride of their lives. When Jos Cruz and his horse, Sovereign, perform slight of hand magic on the Chautauqua stage we are there in the audience and when William Jennings Bryan makes a fiery speech, we hear it with Marcie. As Helen Kinleft performs her bareback riding act learned at the Barnum and Bailey Circus, we are able to enjoy it also. And we triumph with Sally Conn in later years, as a successful New York fashion designer who meets the right man. These are only some of the interesting characters whose lives we find woven through and about Chautauqua, the movement that changed America.
Before radio and sound movies, early 20th century performers and lecturers traveled the nation providing entertainment and education to Americans thirsty for culture. These "chautauquas" brought politicians, activists, scholars, musical ensembles and theatrical productions to remote communities. A conduit for global perspectives and progressive ideas, these gatherings introduced issues like equal suffrage, prohibition and pure food laws to rural America. This book explores an overlooked yet influential movement in U.S. history, capturing the vagaries of speakers' and performers' lives on the road and their reception by audiences. Excerpts from lectures and plays portray a vibrant circuit that in a single summer drew 20 million in more than 9,000 towns.
In The Romance of Small-Town Chautauquas, James Schultz offers a unique pictorial study of a cultural movement that started in 1904 and spread across the country. For almost thirty years, tent shows known as "chautauquas" brought popular education and entertainment to small towns in America from coast to coast. With more than one hundred photographs and other illustrations from the era, the book presents a captivating overview of the tent chautauqua movement from its inception to its demise in 1932. These traveling chautauquas--which were an outgrowth of the lyceum movement--evolved in the early part of the twentieth century. Keith Vawter, owner of the Chicago branch of the Redpath Lyceum, came up with an idea that would bring to rural America the same quality of lectures and other forms of entertainment that were available through the lyceum. His concept was a circuit of traveling tents that moved from town to town. Vawter named his traveling circuits "chautauquas," modeling them after the Chautauqua Institution in southwestern New York State, an intellectual community with summerlong programs of lectures, seminars, and workshops. Tent chautauquas offered a variety of cultural events by politicians, writers, and theologians, filling a void in the lives of rural residents who did not have access to the array of talent available to city dwellers. The Romance of Small-Town Chautauquas contains many previously unpublished photographs that reflect the styles and customs of a bygone era, as well as photos and anecdotes about many people of prominence who toured as speakers or entertainers. These included individuals such as President Warren G. Harding, Congresswoman Jeannette Rankin, ventriloquist Edgar Bergen, journalist and historian Ida Tarbell, poet Carl Sandburg, and many others. Schultz utilizes the existing literature on chautauquas, but he contributes much new information from the files of his father and uncle, both of whom were involved in the management of the Redpath Chautauquas, as well as interviews he conducted with individuals who remember attending chautauqua performances. Celebrating a fascinating chapter of America's cultural history, The Romance of Small-Town Chautauquas will appeal to students of American history and chroniclers of the entertainment industry.
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Winner of the 2006 Barnard Hewitt Award for Excellence in Theatre History Between 1904 and the Great Depression, Circuit Chautauquas toured the rural United States, reflecting and reinforcing its citizens’ ideas, attitudes, and politics every summer through music (the Jubilee Singers, an African American group, were not always welcome in a time when millions of Americans belonged to the KKK), lectures (“Civic Revivalist” Charles Zueblin speaking on “Militancy and Morals”), elocutionary readers (Lucille Adams reading from Little Lord Fauntleroy), dramas (the Ben Greet Players’ cleaned-up version of She Stoops to Conquer), orations (William Jennings Bryan speaking about the dangers of greed), and special programs for children (parades and mock weddings). Theatre historians have largely ignored Circuit Chautauquas since they did not meet the conventional conditions of theatrical performance: they were not urban; they produced no innovative performance techniques, stage material, design effects, or dramatic literature. In this beautifully written and illustrated book, Charlotte Canning establishes an analytical framework to reveal the Circuit Chautauquas as unique performances that both created and unified small-town America. One of the last strongholds of the American traditions of rhetoric and oratory, the Circuits created complex intersections of community, American democracy, and performance. Canning does not celebrate the Circuit Chautauquas wholeheartedly, nor does she describe them with the same cynicism offered by Sinclair Lewis. She acknowledges their goals of community support, informed public thinking, and popular education but also focuses on the reactionary and regressive ideals they sometimes embraced. In the true interdisciplinary spirit of Circuit Chautauquas, she reveals the Circuit platforms as places where Americans performed what it meant to be American.
Collection of publicity brochures, promotional advertisements, and talent circulars for performers who were part of the Chautauqua circuit. Derived from the Redpath Lyceum Collection at the University of Iowa Libraries, materials promote entertainers, lecturers, and performing groups such as teachers, preachers, statesmen, politicans, actors, singers, opera stars, glee clubs, concert companies, magicians, and whistlers.
