The Cerebral Circulation

The Cerebral Circulation

Author: Marilyn J. Cipolla

Publisher: Biota Publishing

Published: 2016-07-28

Total Pages: 82

ISBN-13: 1615047239

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This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.


Human Brain Stem Vessels

Human Brain Stem Vessels

Author: Henri M. Duvernoy

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-11-11

Total Pages: 264

ISBN-13: 3662078139

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Compared to its predecessor, this new edition also includes figures relating to the superficial venous network of the brain stem, thus giving readers a more precise and complete view of the superficial brainstem vessels. It also includes a special study on the pineal or collicular region and a correlation between the vascular territories and MRI views of brainstem vascular diseases. The book provides a complete view of the vascularization of the brainstem in humans including the arteries, veins and capillary network, for the study of brainstem pathology.


Atlas of Topographical Anatomy of the Brain and Surrounding Structures for Neurosurgeons, Neuroradiologists, and Neuropathologists

Atlas of Topographical Anatomy of the Brain and Surrounding Structures for Neurosurgeons, Neuroradiologists, and Neuropathologists

Author: W. Seeger

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 548

ISBN-13: 3709175410

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The traditional education of the neurosurgeon and duce simultaneous contrast preparations of the ar the clinician working in related specialties is based teries and veins and thus obtain a complex photo on their presumed knowledge of the macroscopic graphic representation of the structures of the prep anatomy of the brain as traditionally taught. Most aration. neurosurgical textbooks, therefore, provide macro The manuscript and drawings were completed in the scopic views of sections of the operative site. The years 1974-1976 after almost two decades of neu literature that has accumulated in recent years on rosurgical work. The data worked out in the early the subject of microneurosurgical operations also stages (Chapter 1 in particular) were used by the follows this principle. author as the basis for teaching programmes at the For some years, however, the customary macro University of Giessen. Chapters 2-7, dealing with scopic representation of the anatomy of the brain the operative technical aspects, were produced after has been inadequate for the needs of the neurosur mid-1975 and used by the author as the basis for geon using refined modern operative techniques. microneurosurgical teaching of his colleagues at the Furthermore, despite their detailed presentation, University of Freiburg. stereotactic atlases are also insufficient for neuro My thanks are due to Doz. Dr. E.


The Superficial Veins of the Human Brain

The Superficial Veins of the Human Brain

Author: H.M. Duvernoy

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 118

ISBN-13: 3642659292

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Interest in a detailed anatomical description our knowledge of the venous system has of the veins of the human brain is of fairly been advanced more by radiological than by recent date. The general layout of the dural anatomical methods. This is due to the diffi culty of obtaining a post-mortem display of sinuses and of the large encephalic veins the veins. Injection techniques often give de that drain into them has long been known, ceptive results; most authors use back-flow but a more detailed study of the venous sys tem has been made necessary by recent ad injection from the larger collecting veins, vances in neurosurgery and neuroradiology. but this method generally gives very incom plete results. The technique we have used is The progress and methods of neurora diology have made it possible to follow the radically different, consisting of an arterial superficial venous network * further and injection of a solution of indian ink and gel further. There are obvious practical advan atine. When this injection is successful the tages in having a detailed knowledge of the arterial, capillary, and venous networks of venous network and these are not to be de the encephalon are clearly displayed; the re rived from a knowledge of the arterial net sults are particularly clear in the venous work: the venous network is in close con network which is visible from the main veins to their smallest branches.


Complications in Neurosurgery E-Book

Complications in Neurosurgery E-Book

Author: Anil Nanda

Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences

Published: 2018-09-12

Total Pages: 423

ISBN-13: 0323510507

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Learn from key leaders in the field of neurosurgery with the practical guidance presented in this first-of-its-kind resource. Complications in Neurosurgery uses a case-based format to explore complications across the full range of commonly performed neurosurgical procedures. As you review dozens of up-to-date, real-life cases, you'll become better equipped to identify pitfalls ahead of time and have the knowledge to handle difficult situations that arise during surgery. - Presents commonly encountered cases provided by experienced neurosurgeons in all areas of this challenging specialty. - Includes high-quality photographs, images, and dynamic video to ensure complete visual understanding of the procedures. - Uses a consistent, easy-to-read format throughout, covering a wide range of surgeries including general neurosurgery and cranial complications, as well as spinal and peripheral complications. - Numerous videos depict possible complications for each type of surgery; for example, Complications of Cerebral Bypass Surgery includes videos showing how to obtain venous hemostasis without risking injury to the STA, how to manage atheroma within the donor vessel, and how to manage intraoperative occlusion of the bypass.


Peripheral and Cerebrovascular Intervention

Peripheral and Cerebrovascular Intervention

Author: Deepak L. Bhatt

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2011-11-20

Total Pages: 242

ISBN-13: 1603279652

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Peripheral and Cerebrovascular Intervention draws upon experts from diverse fields to provide readers with a comprehensive foundation for understanding and performing endovascular procedures—from the basic steps to the most current and advanced techniques. Individual chapters focus on primary intervention sites, including lower extremity, renal/mesenteric, subclavian/upper extremity, carotid/vertebral, intracranial and venous interventions. Additionally, chapters covering critical limb ischemia and abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysms are included. By incorporating valuable clinical information, such as indications, contraindications, complications and discussions of surgical techniques and procedures, this book is a valuable resource for the busy practitioner and will be of interest to all interventional and general cardiologists, radiologists and neurologists; vascular surgeons; internists and residents and fellows.


Atlas of Human Brain Connections

Atlas of Human Brain Connections

Author: Marco Catani

Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

Published: 2012-06-14

Total Pages: 533

ISBN-13: 0199541167

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One of the major challenges of modern neuroscience is to define the complex pattern of neural connections that underlie cognition and behaviour. This atlas capitalises on novel diffusion MRI tractography methods to provide a comprehensive overview of connections derived from virtual in vivo tractography dissections of the human brain.


An Illustrated Terminologia Neuroanatomica

An Illustrated Terminologia Neuroanatomica

Author: Hans J. ten Donkelaar

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-07-04

Total Pages: 490

ISBN-13: 331964789X

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This book is unique in that it provides the reader with the most up-to-date terminology used to describe the human nervous system (central and peripheral) and the related sensory organs, i.e., the Terminologia Neuroanatomica (TNA), the official terminology of the IFAA (International Federation of Associations of Anatomists). The book provides a succinct but detailed review of the neuroanatomical structures of the human body and will greatly benefit not only various specialists such as (neuro)anatomists, neurologists and neuroscientists, but also students taking neuroanatomy and neuroscience courses. The book offers a high yield, combined presentation of neuroanatomical illustrations and text and provides the reader a ‘one-stop source’ for studying the intricacies of the human nervous system and its sensory organs. It includes an alphabetical list of official English terms and synonyms with the official Latin terms and synonyms from the TNA. With regard to the entries, the name of the item in standardized English is provided, followed by synonyms and the official TNA Latin term, Latin synonyms and eponyms, a short description and in many cases one or more illustrations. To facilitate the use of illustrations, certain entries such as the gyri or sulci of the cerebral cortex are presented together with extensive cross-references. Terms that form part of a certain structure (such as the amygdaloid body, the thalamus and the hypothalamus) are listed under the respective structure. Segments and branches of arteries are discussed under the main artery, for example the A1–A5 segments under the anterior cerebral artery. Most nerves can be found following their origin from the brachial, cervical and lumbosacral plexuses. However, the major nerves of the limbs are discussed separately, as are the cranial nerves. Nuclei can be found by their English name or under Nuclei by their eponym.


Transient Ischemic Attack and Stroke

Transient Ischemic Attack and Stroke

Author: Sarah T. Pendlebury

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2009-02-19

Total Pages: 407

ISBN-13: 0521735122

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Accessible handbook covering the investigation, diagnosis and management of transient ischemic attacks and minor strokes.