The Structure, Biosynthesis, and Degradation of Wood

The Structure, Biosynthesis, and Degradation of Wood

Author: F. Loewus

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 534

ISBN-13: 1461588731

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Forest trees constitute one of the major resources of the world and their utilization, either for structural purposes or for the materials which they yield, dates back to antiquity. Over the centuries, the exploitation of this resource has become progressively more sophisticated, and, in many parts of the world has led to the development of highly complex forest-based industries. The research and development work which led to these industrial uses fostered the formation of numerous technical societies and associations, which, through their meetings and publi cations, have facilitated communication and the exchange of ideas. Over the years, there have been numerous symposia devoted to wood and the many facets of its properties and utilization. However, rarely has the emphasis in such symposia been placed upon the living tree and the changes which it undergoes in relation to its ultimate utilization. Hence the Phytochemical Society of North America arranged the symposium, "The Structure, Biosynthesis, and Degradation of Wood", held at the University of British Columbia in August, 1976. the contributions to which form the basis of the present volume.


Phytochemical Adaptations to Stress

Phytochemical Adaptations to Stress

Author: Barbara N. Timmermann

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-04-17

Total Pages: 338

ISBN-13: 146841206X

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This volume is based on the proceedings of the Phytochemical Society of North America's 23rd Annual Meet ing on "Phytochemical Adaptations to Stress" which was held at the University of Arizona, Tucson, July 5-8, 1983. It contains a series of articles which focus on our current knowledge on the production of secondary (natural) metabolites by higher plants in response to biological and physiological stresses. The editors of this volume are deeply indebted to a number of people and organizations for their support and contributions which were critical to the success of this scientific meeting. Generous grant support was provided by the Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agricul ture. Additional financial support came from the Phytochemical Society of North America. Indispensable services and personnel were donated by the Departments of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, the College of Agriculture and the Office of Arid Lands Studies of the University of Arizona. Special recognition is due to Paul Mirocha of the Office of Arid Lands Studies for his drawing of the frontispiece and the superb photograph on the jacket. The Division of Conferences and Short Courses of the University of Arizona deserves credit for its pivotal role in maintaining a well-run and pleasant conference. Many other volunteers gave their time and energy to make the Symposium a success; we wish to mention two from the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brian Week and Catherine L. Buckner.


Cellular and Subcellular Localization in Plant Metabolism

Cellular and Subcellular Localization in Plant Metabolism

Author: Leroy L. Creasy

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-04-17

Total Pages: 281

ISBN-13: 1475747276

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Morphological differences between cells and the exis tence of morphologically distinct particles have been examined since cells were first recognized. Each techno logical advance in detection and visualization has led to the description of different organelles and cell types. Basic biochemical processes in cells were recognized and are now weIl understood. It is only recently however, that research has expanded to include the specific meta bolic function of the specialized cell types and organelles. In some cases metabolic roles were recognized when the organelles were first described, e.g., chloroplasts, mito chondria, etc., in others the metabolic role remains unknown. Chemical and biochemical specialization in plants or their organelles is equally challenging. Although biochemists have laboured intensivelyon many isolated plant organelles, it is only recently that technical advances have permitted the examination of specialization in the metabolism of cell types. This area of research, although under intensive investigation in some areas of plant metabolism, is still in its infancy. Further developments in methodology or in production of specific genetic lines of plants will greatly improve our understanding of the specialization of different tissues and cell types. This volume describes the current status in the dis cipline as presented in a Symposium on the Cellular and Subcellular Specialization in Plant Metabolism during the Annual Meeting of the Phytochemical Society of North America, at Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., on August 10-14, 1981.


Chemically Mediated Interactions between Plants and Other Organisms

Chemically Mediated Interactions between Plants and Other Organisms

Author: Gillian A. Cooper-Driver

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-11-21

Total Pages: 251

ISBN-13: 1475796587

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Chemical warfare between plants and their herbivores and pathogens was first brought to our attention by the publication 25 years ago of the paper by Fraenkel in Science. There, he pointed out that most plants have similar nutritional characteristics so that the selection of plants by insect herbivores must depend on the relative toxicity of secondary compounds. This led, rather gradually, to a host of papers on plant-herbivore interactions. More or less at the same time, insect physiologists and ecologists were starting to realise the importance of chemical communi cation systems in determining sexual and other characteristics of insect behaviour. Nine years ago the Phytochemical Society of North America published their Symposium on 'Biochemical Interaction Between Plants and Insects' in which the plant apparency theory was expounded by both Paul Feeny and Rex Cates and David Rhoades. This stated that plants which are apparent usually contain secondary components which reduce digestibility (tannins and lignins) while ephemeral plants have more toxic, and perhaps less costly, compounds such as alkaloids. These papers stimulated much research on biochemical ecology. The recognition of the importance of the biochemical factors in such interactions is not just of scientific interest. It is vitally important in programs for the production of new varieties of cultivated plants, especially in tropical countries where about one-third or more of the crops are lost to predation or disease.


Mobilization of Reserves in Germination

Mobilization of Reserves in Germination

Author: Constance Nozzolillo

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 316

ISBN-13: 1468411675

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Although many reviews and articles about germination have been published, our understanding of the process is far from complete. Some of the reactions involved in the transforma tions and translocation of reserve compounds and their final fate in the growing tissues was the subject of the annual symposium of the Phytochemical Society of North America which was held in August, 1982, on the campus of the University of Ottawa, Canada. A major emphasis was on low molecular weight compounds, amino acids and sugars, and the checks and balances operating as they are produced by hydrolysis in reserve tissues and transformed in the growing tissues. The critical role of membranes was given especial emphasis. The closing presentation was an anthropocentric review of the nutritional benefits accrued during germination, and provided a scientific basis for the inclusion of sprouted seedlings in the human diet. Dr. R. G. Fulcher introduced the symposium topic with an elegant histochemical study in which the site and nature of seed reserves were defined by means of the glowing colors of fluorescence microscopy. The symposium was organized by C. Nozzolillo with advice and assistance from fellow PSNA members S. A. Brown, J. T. Arnason, and A. Picman and a visiting scientist from Sweden, C. Liljenberg.