In his own time Edward IV was seen as an able and successful king who rescued England from the miseries of civil war and provided the country with firm, judicious, and popular government. The prejudices of later historians diminished this high reputation, until recent research confirmed Edward as a ruler of substantial achievement, whose methods and policies formed the foundation of early Tudor government. This classic study by Charles Ross places the reign firmly in the context of late medieval power politics, analyzing the methods by which a usurper sought to retain his throne and reassert the power of a monarchy seriously weakened by the feeble rule of Henry VI. Edward's relations with the politically active classes—the merchants, gentry, and nobility—form a major theme, and against this background Ross provides an evaluation of the many innovations in government on which the king's achievement rests.
The definitive biography and assessment of the wily and formidable prince who unexpectedly became monarch—the most infamous king in British history The reign of Richard III, the last Yorkist king and the final monarch of the Plantagenet dynasty, marked a turning point in British history. But despite his lasting legacy, Richard only ruled as king for the final two years of his life. While much attention has been given to his short reign, Michael Hicks explores the whole of Richard’s fascinating life and traces the unfolding of his character and career from his early years as the son of a duke to his violent death at the battle of Bosworth. Hicks explores how Richard—villainized for his imprisonment and probable killing of the princes—applied his experience to overcome numerous setbacks and adversaries. Richard proves a complex, conflicted individual whose Machiavellian tact and strategic foresight won him a kingdom. He was a reformer who planned big changes, but lost the opportunity to fulfill them and to retain his crown.
"This series pushes the boundaries of knowledge and develops new trends in approach and understanding." ENGLISH HISTORICAL REVIEW As is appropriate in a volume honouring the distinguished scholarship in this field of Dr Rowena E. Archer, wealthy and influential ladies, most notably Alice Chaucer, duchess of Suffolk, take centre stage, alongside successive queens consort of the period, whose councils helped to implement justice. Alice's almshouse at Ewelme provides a fine example of the many institutions which offered care for the elderly in late medieval England, a period when Henry VII placed great emphasis on the burials of his kinsfolk, particularly in Westminster abbey, to ensure that their memory would endure. Pretenders to the throne of that king and his successor, who included Alice's grandson, bring into focus the riots of 1487 near the borders of Wales and portraits dating from the 1520s. Other themes of language (how Henry V employed English in France), law (the development of the concept of the body corporate) and taxation (levies imposed on imported wine) are added to an intriguing comparison of relations between English administrators and the nobility of Gascony with British imperialists and the princes of India.
This vivid and pioneering study illuminates the different roles played in late medieval society by noblewomen - the most substantial group of women to survive as individuals in medieval documents. They emerge (despite limited political opportunities) as figures of consequence themselves in a landowning society through estate management in their husbands' frequent absences, and through hospitality, patronage and affinity.