The Spatial Scale of Speciation and Patterns of Diversity
Author: Yael Kisel
Publisher:
Published: 2010
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13:
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Author: Yael Kisel
Publisher:
Published: 2010
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Roger Butlin
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2009-01-22
Total Pages: 565
ISBN-13: 1139474588
DOWNLOAD EBOOKBringing together the viewpoints of leading ecologists concerned with the processes that generate patterns of diversity, and evolutionary biologists who focus on mechanisms of speciation, this book opens up discussion in order to broaden understanding of how speciation affects patterns of biological diversity, especially the uneven distribution of diversity across time, space and taxa studied by macroecologists. The contributors discuss questions such as: Are species equivalent units, providing meaningful measures of diversity? To what extent do mechanisms of speciation affect the functional nature and distribution of species diversity? How can speciation rates be measured using molecular phylogenies or data from the fossil record? What are the factors that explain variation in rates? Written for graduate students and academic researchers, the book promotes a more complete understanding of the interaction between mechanisms and rates of speciation and these patterns in biological diversity.
Author: Brody Steven Sandel
Publisher:
Published: 2010
Total Pages: 198
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKPatterns of variation in species richness are some of the oldest known ecological phenomena. Centuries of research into their causes have revealed surprisingly few general insights, one of which is that the factors that control richness depend on spatial scale. At large spatial scales, processes such as dispersal, speciation and extinction are though to be most important, while biological interactions can be important at small spatial scales. The abiotic environment affects all of these processes. For example, high temperatures can promote speciation, while small-scale environmental heterogeneity can slow competitive exclusion. I am interested in controls on species richness across all spatial scales, and in understanding how processes at one scale impact processes at other scales. Accordingly, my research has spanned a vast range of scales, from field sampling plots as small as 0.016 m2 to maps of richness patterns across the entire New World. I have employed a correspondingly diverse range of approaches, as appropriate to each spatial scale. Through a combination of modeling and experimental research, my research has helped to illuminate the factors that control variation in richness, and, critically, to reveal how these controls change at different spatial scales.
Author: Michael L. Rosenzweig
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 1995-05-04
Total Pages: 462
ISBN-13: 0521496187
DOWNLOAD EBOOKBiodiversity.
Author: Dimitar Dimitrov
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2022-06-14
Total Pages: 138
ISBN-13: 2889763366
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Boris Worm
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Published: 2018-06-12
Total Pages: 229
ISBN-13: 069115483X
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe number of species found at a given point on the planet varies by orders of magnitude, yet large-scale gradients in biodiversity appear to follow some very general patterns. Little mechanistic theory has been formulated to explain the emergence of observed gradients of biodiversity both on land and in the oceans. Based on a comprehensive empirical synthesis of global patterns of species diversity and their drivers, A Theory of Global Biodiversity develops and applies a new theory that can predict such patterns from few underlying processes. The authors show that global patterns of biodiversity fall into four consistent categories, according to where species live: on land or in coastal, pelagic, and deep ocean habitats. The fact that most species groups, from bacteria to whales, appear to follow similar biogeographic patterns of richness within these habitats points toward some underlying structuring principles. Based on empirical analyses of environmental correlates across these habitats, the authors combine aspects of neutral, metabolic, and niche theory into one unifying framework. Applying it to model terrestrial and marine realms, the authors demonstrate that a relatively simple theory that incorporates temperature and community size as driving variables is able to explain divergent patterns of species richness at a global scale. Integrating ecological and evolutionary perspectives, A Theory of Global Biodiversity yields surprising insights into the fundamental mechanisms that shape the distribution of life on our planet.
Author: Roger Butlin
Publisher:
Published: 2009
Total Pages: 333
ISBN-13: 9780521883184
DOWNLOAD EBOOKBringing together the viewpoints of leading ecologists concerned with the processes that generate patterns of diversity, and evolutionary biologists who focus on mechanisms of speciation, this book opens up discussion in order to broaden understanding of how speciation affects patterns of biological diversity, especially the uneven distribution of diversity across time, space and taxa studied by macroecologists. The contributors discuss questions such as: Are species equivalent units, providing meaningful measures of diversity? To what extent do mechanisms of speciation affect the functional nature and distribution of species diversity? How can speciation rates be measured using molecular phylogenies or data from the fossil record? What are the factors that explain variation in rates? Written for graduate students and academic researchers, the book promotes a more complete understanding of the interaction between mechanisms and rates of speciation and these patterns in biological diversity.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies
Published: 1989-01-01
Total Pages: 471
ISBN-13: 0309039274
DOWNLOAD EBOOKBiology has entered an era in which interdisciplinary cooperation is at an all-time high, practical applications follow basic discoveries more quickly than ever before, and new technologiesâ€"recombinant DNA, scanning tunneling microscopes, and moreâ€"are revolutionizing the way science is conducted. The potential for scientific breakthroughs with significant implications for society has never been greater. Opportunities in Biology reports on the state of the new biology, taking a detailed look at the disciplines of biology; examining the advances made in medicine, agriculture, and other fields; and pointing out promising research opportunities. Authored by an expert panel representing a variety of viewpoints, this volume also offers recommendations on how to meet the infrastructure needsâ€"for funding, effective information systems, and other supportâ€"of future biology research. Exploring what has been accomplished and what is on the horizon, Opportunities in Biology is an indispensable resource for students, teachers, and researchers in all subdisciplines of biology as well as for research administrators and those in funding agencies.
Author: Dieter Thomas Tietze
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2018-11-19
Total Pages: 266
ISBN-13: 3319916890
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe average person can name more bird species than they think, but do we really know what a bird “species” is? This open access book takes up several fascinating aspects of bird life to elucidate this basic concept in biology. From genetic and physiological basics to the phenomena of bird song and bird migration, it analyzes various interactions of birds – with their environment and other birds. Lastly, it shows imminent threats to birds in the Anthropocene, the era of global human impact. Although it seemed to be easy to define bird species, the advent of modern methods has challenged species definition and led to a multidisciplinary approach to classifying birds. One outstanding new toolbox comes with the more and more reasonably priced acquisition of whole-genome sequences that allow causative analyses of how bird species diversify. Speciation has reached a final stage when daughter species are reproductively isolated, but this stage is not easily detectable from the phenotype we observe. Culturally transmitted traits such as bird song seem to speed up speciation processes, while another behavioral trait, migration, helps birds to find food resources, and also coincides with higher chances of reaching new, inhabitable areas. In general, distribution is a major key to understanding speciation in birds. Examples of ecological speciation can be found in birds, and the constant interaction of birds with their biotic environment also contributes to evolutionary changes. In the Anthropocene, birds are confronted with rapid changes that are highly threatening for some species. Climate change forces birds to move their ranges, but may also disrupt well-established interactions between climate, vegetation, and food sources. This book brings together various disciplines involved in observing bird species come into existence, modify, and vanish. It is a rich resource for bird enthusiasts who want to understand various processes at the cutting edge of current research in more detail. At the same time it offers students the opportunity to see primarily unconnected, but booming big-data approaches such as genomics and biogeography meet in a topic of broad interest. Lastly, the book enables conservationists to better understand the uncertainties surrounding “species” as entities of protection.
Author: David Tilman
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Published: 2018-06-05
Total Pages: 368
ISBN-13: 069118836X
DOWNLOAD EBOOKSpatial Ecology addresses the fundamental effects of space on the dynamics of individual species and on the structure, dynamics, diversity, and stability of multispecies communities. Although the ecological world is unavoidably spatial, there have been few attempts to determine how explicit considerations of space may alter the predictions of ecological models, or what insights it may give into the causes of broad-scale ecological patterns. As this book demonstrates, the spatial structure of a habitat can fundamentally alter both the qualitative and quantitative dynamics and outcomes of ecological processes. Spatial Ecology highlights the importance of space to five topical areas: stability, patterns of diversity, invasions, coexistence, and pattern generation. It illustrates both the diversity of approaches used to study spatial ecology and the underlying similarities of these approaches. Over twenty contributors address issues ranging from the persistence of endangered species, to the maintenance of biodiversity, to the dynamics of hosts and their parasitoids, to disease dynamics, multispecies competition, population genetics, and fundamental processes relevant to all these cases. There have been many recent advances in our understanding of the influence of spatially explicit processes on individual species and on multispecies communities. This book synthesizes these advances, shows the limitations of traditional, non-spatial approaches, and offers a variety of new approaches to spatial ecology that should stimulate ecological research.