Finance and Hedging in the Commercial Airline Industry
Finance and Hedging in the Commercial Airline Industry

Author: Tony Webber

Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing

Published: 2024-09-13

Total Pages: 729

ISBN-13: 1036411478

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When there is political tension or war in the Middle East or in Eastern Europe, oil and jet fuel prices shoot upward. If an airline isn’t protected against these higher prices, they can devastate its finances and send it quickly into bankruptcy. This seemingly happens on a yearly basis. Thankfully for most airlines, they are able to protect themselves against higher oil and jet fuel prices, at least in the short term, by hedging using financial instruments. The challenge for airlines is to determine which financial instruments they should use, in which products they should hedge, and how far out from fuel consumption they should hedge. This book systematically explores the different financial instruments that airlines have to choose from, and in what situations they should be used. It will also present the reader with the options airlines have in terms of manipulating operational levers in response to higher fuel prices such as airfares, capacity and fleet size, once the protective benefits of hedging wear off.

Improved Forecast Accuracy in Airline Revenue Management by Unconstraining Demand Estimates from Censored Data
Improved Forecast Accuracy in Airline Revenue Management by Unconstraining Demand Estimates from Censored Data

Author: Richard H. Zeni

Publisher: Universal-Publishers

Published: 2001

Total Pages: 274

ISBN-13: 1581121415

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Accurate forecasts are crucial to a revenue management system. Poor estimates of demand lead to inadequate inventory controls and sub-optimal revenue performance. Forecasting for airline revenue management systems is inherently difficult. Competitive actions, seasonal factors, the economic environment, and constant fare changes are a few of the hurdles that must be overcome. In addition, the fact that most of the historical demand data is censored further complicates the problem. This dissertation examines the challenge of forecasting for an airline revenue management system in the presence of censored demand data. This dissertation analyzed the improvement in forecast accuracy that results from estimating demand by unconstraining the censored data. Little research has been done on unconstraining censored data for revenue management systems. Airlines tend to either ignore the problem or use very simple ad hoc methods to deal with it. A literature review explores the current methods for unconstraining censored data. Also, practices borrowed from areas outside of revenue management are adapted to this application. For example, the Expectation-Maximization (EM) and other imputation methods were investigated. These methods are evaluated and tested using simulation and actual airline data. An extension to the EM algorithm that results in a 41% improvement in forecast accuracy is presented.

The Airline Industry
The Airline Industry

Author: Alessandro Cento

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-10-15

Total Pages: 189

ISBN-13: 3790820881

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The debate on the future of the aviation sector and the viability of its traditional business practices is the core of this book. The liberalization of the EU market in the 1990s has radically modi?ed the competitive environment and the nature of airline competition. Furthermore, the new millennium began with terrorist attacks, epidemics, trade globalization, and the rise of oil prices, all of which combined to push the industry into a “perfect storm”. Airline industry pro?tability has been an elusive goal for several decades and the recent events has only accentuated existing weaknesses. The main concern of ind- try observers is whether the airline business model, successful during the 1980s and 1990s, is now sustainable in a market crowded by low-cost carriers. The airlines that will respond rapidly and determinedly to increase pressure to restructure, conso- date and segment the industry will achieve competitive advantages. In this context, the present study aims to model the new conduct of the ‘legacy’ carriers in a new liberalized European market in terms of network and pricing competition with l- cost carriers and competitive reaction to the global economic crises.

The Global Airline Industry
The Global Airline Industry

Author: Peter Belobaba

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2015-07-06

Total Pages: 536

ISBN-13: 1118881141

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Extensively revised and updated edition of the bestselling textbook, provides an overview of recent global airline industry evolution and future challenges Examines the perspectives of the many stakeholders in the global airline industry, including airlines, airports, air traffic services, governments, labor unions, in addition to passengers Describes how these different players have contributed to the evolution of competition in the global airline industry, and the implications for its future evolution Includes many facets of the airline industry not covered elsewhere in any single book, for example, safety and security, labor relations and environmental impacts of aviation Highlights recent developments such as changing airline business models, growth of emerging airlines, plans for modernizing air traffic management, and opportunities offered by new information technologies for ticket distribution Provides detailed data on airline performance and economics updated through 2013