The Role of Peptidoglycan Acetylation of Listeria Monocytogenes in Pathogenesis and Innate Immunity
Author: Aimee Lynn Geissler
Publisher:
Published: 2008
Total Pages: 316
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKPosts
Characterization of Listeria Monocytogenes Peptidoglycan N-Deacetylase and O-Acetylase Mutations and the Role of Lysozyme Resistance During Infection
Author: Chris Steven Rae
Publisher:
Published: 2011
Total Pages: 148
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKListeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive intracellular pathogen that is naturally resistant to lysozyme. Recently, it was shown that peptidoglycan modification by N-deacetylation or O-acetylation confers resistance to lysozyme in various Gram-positive bacteria including L. monocytogenes. L. monocytogenes peptidoglycan is deacetylated by the action of N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase (Pgd) and acetylated by an O-acetylmuramic acid transferase (Oat). We characterized Pgd-minus, Oat-minus and double mutants to determine the specific role of L. monocytogenes peptidoglycan acetylation in conferring lysozyme sensitivity and during infection of macrophages and mice. Pgd-minus and Pgd-minus/Oat-minus double mutants were attenuated approximately 2 and 3.5 logs respectively, in vivo. In bone-marrow derived macrophages, the mutants demonstrated intracellular growth defects and increased induction of cytokine transcriptional responses that emanated from a phagosome and the cytosol. Lysozyme-sensitive mutants underwent bacteriolysis in the macrophage cytosol resulting in AIM-2-dependent pyroptosis. Each of the in vitro phenotypes was rescued upon infection of LysM-minus macrophages. The addition of extracellular lysozyme to LysM-minus macrophages restored cytokine induction, host-cell death and L. monocytogenes growth inhibition. This surprising observation suggested that extracellular lysozyme can access the macrophage cytosol and act on intracellular, lysozyme-sensitive, bacteria.
The New Microbiology
Author: Pascale Cossart
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Published: 2020-07-10
Total Pages: 200
ISBN-13: 1683670116
DOWNLOAD EBOOKMicrobiology has undergone radical changes over the past few decades, ushering in an exciting new era in science. In The New Microbiology, Pascale Cossart tells a splendid story about the revolution in microbiology, especially in bacteriology. This story has wide-ranging implications for human health and medicine, agriculture, environmental science, and our understanding of evolution. The revolution results from the powerful tools of molecular and cellular biology, genomics, and bioinformatics, which have yielded amazing discoveries, from entire genome sequences to video of bacteria invading host cells. This book is for both scientists and especially nonscientists who would like to learn more about the extraordinary world of bacteria. Dr. Cossart's overview of the field of microbiology research, from infectious disease history to the ongoing scientific revolution resulting from CRISPR technologies, is presented in four parts. New concepts in microbiology introduces the world of bacteria and some recent discoveries about how they live, such as the role of regulatory RNAs including riboswitches, the CRISPR defense system, and resistance to antibiotics. Sociomicrobiology: the social lives of bacteria helps us see the new paradigm by which scientists view bacteria as highly social creatures that communicate in many ways, for example in the assemblies that reside in our intestine or in the environment. The biology of infections reviews some of history's worst epidemics and describes current and emerging infectious diseases, the organisms that cause them, and how they produce an infection. Bacteria as tools introduces us to molecules derived from microbes that scientists have harnessed in the service of research and medicine, including the CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing technology. The New Microbiology takes us on a journey through a remarkable revolution in science that is occurring here and now.
Cell Signaling in Host–Pathogen Interactions: The Host Point of View
Author: Diana Bahia
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2018-03-23
Total Pages: 414
ISBN-13: 288945455X
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe ability of pathogens, such as parasites, bacteria, fungi and viruses to invade, persist and adapt in both invertebrate and vertebrate hosts is multifactorial and depends on both pathogen and host fitness. Communication between a pathogen and its host relies on a wide and dynamic array of molecular interactions. Through this constant communication most pathogens evolved to be relatively benign, whereas killing of its host by a pathogen represents a failure to adapt. Pathogens are lethal to their host when their interaction has not been long enough for adaptation. Evolution has selected conserved immune receptors that recognize signature patterns of pathogens as non-self elements and initiate host innate responses aimed at eradicating infection. Conversely, pathogens evolved mechanisms to evade immune recognition and subvert cytokine secretion in order to survive, replicate and cause disease. The cell signaling machinery is a critical component of the immune system that relays information from the receptors to the nucleus where transcription of key immune genes is activated. Host cells have developed signal transduction systems to maintain homeostasis with pathogens. Most cellular processes and cell signaling pathways are tightly regulated by protein phosphorylation in which protein kinases are key protagonists. Pathogens have developed multiple mechanisms to subvert important signal transduction pathways such as the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) pathways. Pathogens also secrete effectors that manipulate actin cytoskeleton and its regulators, hijack cell cycle machinery and alter vesicular trafficking. This research topic focuses on the cellular signaling mechanisms that are essential for host immunity and their subversion by pathogens.
Bacterial Cell Wall
Author: J.-M. Ghuysen
Publisher: Elsevier
Published: 1994-02-09
Total Pages: 607
ISBN-13: 0080860877
DOWNLOAD EBOOKStudies of the bacterial cell wall emerged as a new field of research in the early 1950s, and has flourished in a multitude of directions. This excellent book provides an integrated collection of contributions forming a fundamental reference for researchers and of general use to teachers, advanced students in the life sciences, and all scientists in bacterial cell wall research. Chapters include topics such as: Peptidoglycan, an essential constituent of bacterial endospores; Teichoic and teichuronic acids, lipoteichoic acids, lipoglycans, neural complex polysaccharides and several specialized proteins are frequently unique wall-associated components of Gram-positive bacteria; Bacterial cells evolving signal transduction pathways; Underlying mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antibiotics.
The Prokaryotes
Author: Martin Dworkin
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2006-12-13
Total Pages: 567
ISBN-13: 9780387254999
DOWNLOAD EBOOKWith the launch of its first electronic edition, The Prokaryotes, the definitive reference on the biology of bacteria, enters an exciting new era of information delivery. Subscription-based access is available. The electronic version begins with an online implementation of the content found in the printed reference work, The Prokaryotes, Second Edition. The content is being fully updated over a five-year period until the work is completely revised. Thereafter, material will be continuously added to reflect developments in bacteriology. This online version features information retrieval functions and multimedia components.
Bacterial Cell Walls and Membranes
Author: Andreas Kuhn
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2019-06-18
Total Pages: 501
ISBN-13: 3030187683
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book provides an up-to-date overview of the architecture and biosynthesis of bacterial and archaeal cell walls, highlighting the evolution-based similarities in, but also the intriguing differences between the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria, the Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, and the Archaea. The recent major advances in this field, which have brought to light many new structural and functional details, are presented and discussed. Over the past five years, a number of novel systems, e.g. for lipid, porin and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis have been described. In addition, new structural achievements with periplasmic chaperones have been made, all of which have revealed amazing details on how bacterial cell walls are synthesized. These findings provide an essential basis for future research, e.g. the development of new antibiotics. The book’s content is the logical continuation of Volume 84 of SCBI (on Prokaryotic Cytoskeletons), and sets the stage for upcoming volumes on Protein Complexes.
Immunity to Listeria Monocytogenes
Author: E R Unanue
Publisher: Academic Press
Published: 2012-01-24
Total Pages: 206
ISBN-13: 0123945909
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAdvances in Immunology, a long-established and highly respected publication, presents current developments as well as comprehensive reviews in immunology. Articles address the wide range of topics that comprise immunology, including molecular and cellular activation mechanisms, phylogeny and molecular evolution, and clinical modalities. Edited and authored by the foremost scientists in the field, each volume provides up-to-date information and directions for the future. Contributions from leading authorities Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field
Glycomicrobiology
Author: Ronald J. Doyle
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2007-05-08
Total Pages: 558
ISBN-13: 0306468212
DOWNLOAD EBOOKA third purpose of the volume is to provide a modern outlook on the role of microbial glycoconjugates in the emerging field of biotechnology."--Page ix.
MACPF/CDC Proteins - Agents of Defence, Attack and Invasion
Author: Gregor Anderluh
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2014-05-05
Total Pages: 329
ISBN-13: 9401788812
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book focusses on evolutionary, structural and functional aspects of pore-forming proteins, bringing together prominent researchers in the fields of structural biology and cellular and biophysical techniques. The focus is on the MACPF/CDC protein super family that was originally discovered because of unexpected structural similarity between a domain present in bacterial cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDC) and proteins of the membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) family. Members of the MACPF/CDC super family are crucial for many biological processes, being efficient agents of development, defence, attack and invasion of cells and tissues. However, their best-known role is in bacterial pathogenesis and the proper functioning of the vertebrate immune system, via formation of transmembrane pores in target cell membranes. The book contains chapters on the distribution of MACPF/CDC proteins and on aspects of their evolution and structural properties, the similarities between different super family members and functional properties of some of the best known examples. The book also contains an overview of biophysical approaches that may be used in the future to provide further insights into how these interesting proteins function.
