This is a three volume book that reports on a series of six subregional policy seminars organized by the World Bank and the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) under the Sub-Saharan Africa Transport Program to address the problems and issues of road deterioration and maintenance. These policy seminars provided a forum in which policymakers from different countries, lending experts in development, and World Bank staff were able to share ideas and experience concerning development policies that relate to road transport and maintenance. These reports are a guide to defining future activities, programs, and initiatives for reforming road maintenance policies in Africa.
Developing countries in the tropics have different natural conditions and different institutional and financial situations to industrialized countries. However, most textbooks on highway engineering are based on experience from industrialized countries with temperate climates, and deal only with specific problems. Road Engineering for Development (published as Highway and Traffic Engineering in Developing Countries in its first edition) provides a comprehensive description of the planning, design, construction and maintenance of roads in developing countries. It covers a wide range of technical and non-technical problems that may confront road engineers working in this area. The technical content of the book has been fully updated and current development issues are focused on. Designed as a fundamental text for civil engineering students this book also offers a broad, practical view of the subject for practising engineers. It has been written with the assistance of a number of world-renowned specialist professional engineers with many years experience in Africa, the Middle East, Asia and Central America.
This volume focuses on recent advances in the planning, design, construction and management of new and existing roads with a particular focus on safety, sustainability and resilience. It discusses field experience through case studies and pilots presented by leading international subject-matter specialists. Chapters were selected from the 18th International Road Federation World Meeting & Exhibition, Dubai 2021.
An economics-focused analysis of why humanitarian relief efforts fail and how they can be remedied. In 2010, Haiti was ravaged by a brutal earthquake that affected the lives of millions. The call to assist those in need was heard around the globe. Yet two years later humanitarian efforts led by governments and NGOs have largely failed. Resources are not reaching the needy due to bureaucratic red tape, and many assets have been squandered. How can efforts intended to help the suffering fail so badly? In this timely and provocative book, Christopher J. Coyne uses the economic way of thinking to explain why this and other humanitarian efforts that intend to do good end up doing nothing or causing harm. In addition to Haiti, Coyne considers a wide range of interventions. He explains why the US government was ineffective following Hurricane Katrina, why the international humanitarian push to remove Muammar Gaddafi in Libya may very well end up causing more problems than prosperity, and why decades of efforts to respond to crises and foster development around the world have resulted in repeated failures. In place of the dominant approach to state-led humanitarian action, this book offers a bold alternative, focused on establishing an environment of economic freedom. If we are willing to experiment with aid—asking questions about how to foster development as a process of societal discovery, or how else we might engage the private sector, for instance—we increase the range of alternatives to help people and empower them to improve their communities. Anyone concerned with and dedicated to alleviating human suffering in the short term or for the long haul, from policymakers and activists to scholars, will find this book to be an insightful and provocative reframing of humanitarian action. Praise for Doing Bad by Doing Good “Coyne is to be congratulated for a book that strongly calls into question the conventional wisdom that we must look first to government to accomplish humanitarian ends.” —George Leef, Regulation Magazine “Coyne attempts to explain why conventional approaches to humanitarian aid and longer-term economic development have failed miserably . . . . Recommended.” —M. Q. Dao, Choice “Coyne offers a classic neo-liberal economic analysis to explain why the humanitarian project in its current state is doomed.” —Zoe Cormack, Times Literary Supplement
Salinization of soils is a major threat to irrigated agriculture and counteracts the targets of costly public infrastructure investments. In this study, salinization is regarded as the outcome of an institutional arrangement which impedes the effective implementation of well-known and well-established control measures be they technical, managerial or economic. In public irrigation systems neither the management units nor the farmers are offered any incentives towards the control of high groundwater levels and salinization if the management units are embedded in a highly centralized non-market institutional setting. The author answers the question under which conditions management units and irrigators are active in halting and reversing the process of salinization.
This book provides a complete text on highway and traffic engineering for developing countries. It is aimed principally at students and young engineers from the developed world who have responsibility for such work in the third world, but will also be valuable for local highway engineers.
"This publication elaborates on how the specific characteristics of the different transport subsectors affect the potential for expanding the role of competitive markets. It defines the principal challenges currently faced by the transport sector as a whole as: (i) the completion of basic infrastructure networks and (ii) the provision of adequate maintenance for them. Future challenges may include: (i) increasing responsiveness to customer needs, (ii) adjusting to global trade patterns, and (iii) coping with rapid motorization. These challenges highlight the need to reform institutional and transport policy in order to support a better quality of life on a sustained basis. This book identifies some generally applicable principles and best practices as the foundation of a policy for more sustainable transport. Economic and financial sustainability requires that resources be used efficiently and that assets be maintained properly. Environmental and ecological sustainability requires that the external effects of transport be taken into account fully when public or private decisions are made that determine future development. Social sustainability requires that the benefits of improved transport reach all sections of the community. It is necessary to redefine the role of governments in the transport sector--the focus in transport policy must shift toward a market-based approach with the private sector taking on more of the responsibility for providing, operating, and financing transport services and infrastructure. The role of the government would therefore decline, but its importance as the enabler of competition and the custodian of environmental and social interests would increase. The World Bank Group's role will be to focus on institutional and policy reform; it can help governments fulfill their enabling and supervisory role in a freer transport market through more selective and focused technical assistance for building the capacity and skills needed by the public sector." -- Website.
World Development Report 1994 examines the link between infrastructure and development and explores ways in which developing countries can improve both the provision and the quality of infrastructure services. In recent decades, developing countries have made substantial investments in infrastructure, achieving dramatic gains for households and producers by expanding their access to services such as safe water, sanitation, electric power, telecommunications, and transport. Even more infrastructure investment and expansion are needed in order to extend the reach of services - especially to people living in rural areas and to the poor. But as this report shows, the quantity of investment cannot be the exclusive focus of policy. Improving the quality of infrastructure service also is vital. Both quantity and quality improvements are essential to modernize and diversify production, help countries compete internationally, and accommodate rapid urbanization. The report identifies the basic cause of poor past performance as inadequate institutional incentives for improving the provision of infrastructure. To promote more efficient and responsive service delivery, incentives need to be changed through commercial management, competition, and user involvement. Several trends are helping to improve the performance of infrastructure. First, innovation in technology and in the regulatory management of markets makes more diversity possible in the supply of services. Second, an evaluation of the role of government is leading to a shift from direct government provision of services to increasing private sector provision and recent experience in many countries with public-private partnerships is highlighting new ways to increase efficiency and expand services. Third, increased concern about social and environmental sustainability has heightened public interest in infrastructure design and performance.
The papers and technical notes for the sixth conference published in these proceedings address up-to-date topics on who is doing research and technology transfer on low-volume roads, what is being done to improve low-volume roads, where low-volume road improvements are taking place, when additional research results are expected, and how information on low-volume roads is being disseminated. As did previous conferences, this Sixth International Conference on Low-Volume Roads provides a unique opportunity for engineers, planners, administrators, practitioners, and researchers to exchange information and benefit from recent research related to low-volume roads.
