This is the first study of the reception of the apocryphal Second Book of Esdras (4 Ezra) from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century. Professor Hamilton discusses the concepts of biblical apocrypha and canonicity in connection with the increasingly critical attitude to religious authority which developed with the humanists and intensified with the Reformation. The Book owed its initial success to Hebraists such as Pico della Mirandola and Bibliander. It was used to account for the origins of Jewish Kabbalah and to prophesy political and religious events: the fall of the Ottoman empire, or the destruction of the papacy. Anabaptists, dissident Protestants of various persuasions, Rosicrucians and Paracelsians consulted it not only as a work of prophecy but, it is argued, as an emblem of dissent, rejected by the official Churches. At the same time more sober scholars, both Protestants and Catholics, scrutinized 2 Esdras with greater objectivity, endeavouring to date it correctly and establish its authorship. This study also investigates the interaction between their views and those of the Book's enthusiastic supporters.
In The Ten Lost Tribes, Zvi Ben-Dor Benite shows for the first time the extent to which the search for the lost tribes of Israel became, over two millennia, an engine for global exploration and a key mechanism for understanding the world.
'Advice to a Young Physician'offers a fascinating glimpse into the world of post Restoration and early eighteenth-century medicine. For the first time, a document prepared by the Lichfield physician, Sir John Floyer for his grandson has been retrieved from the Library of The Queen's College Oxford. Transcribed, and edited, it is now published in this attractive and accessible form. The document itself is prefaced by a very informative introduction and illustrated by a great range of well-chosen and reproduced images. Floyer was in residence at Oxford during the great burst of scientific activity that followed the Restoration, and had links with Boyle and Robert Hooke, among other pioneers of modern science. In Floyer's thinking, as demonstrated in this book, we see a contest or mingling between archaic ideas (such as the more or less medieval notion that appropriate medicines reveal themselves by their tastes) and pioneering and modern conceptions. Floyer remarks, for instance, that England lacks hospital training for doctors and recommends that his grandson go abroad to gain first-hand clinical experience. He was one of the first to tabulate medical results and - most famously - to pioneer the taking of the pulse. The book contains three central chapters in which Floyer offers remarks on what we would now call the ethics of medical practice. These are illuminating and would still, in many instances hold good today
"How did printed material in Britain get from producer to reader? What were the mechanics of supply by which individuals from very varied social backgrounds came into contact with the print culture? These are hard questions lying at the heart of what is sometimes called the new bibliography. Distribution is a complex lines of book trade history because it leads out of the self-contained and familiar area of the printing office and bookshop, into the often baffling regions of redistribution and consumption, where the evidence is often fragmentary and difficult to work with. London, with its ever-increasing output in this period of books, pamphlets, newspapers, ballads and ephemera, was always the dominant influence on the market. In this volume, however, the contributors are almost all concerned with aspects of the local trade in different parts of the British Isles and, in one essay, the trade between London and America via Scotland. They provide a series of detailed investigations into the distribution networks which supplemented and meshed in with those based on the capital, and in doing so they give a fresh view of the developing relationship between print and society over three centuries."--
The earliest of the four Gospels, the book portrays Jesus as an enigmatic figure, struggling with enemies, his inner and external demons, and with his devoted but disconcerted disciples. Unlike other gospels, his parables are obscure, to be explained secretly to his followers. With an introduction by Nick Cave