This substantial work explores the impact of monetization in premodern Southeast Asia from the third century BCE to the rise of Maleka in the early fifteenth century. The author explores why concepts of money developed unevenly throughout the region. He considers trade policies, price controls, exchange ratios, monopolies, variant standards of value, and the administrative structures required to support such a complex economic innovation.
This book will be an important addition to the limited number of books that discuss finance and accounting issues in East Asian countries. While presenting recent empirical studies on finance and accounting in East Asian economies, it also reveals the underlying reasons for remarkable economic growth and emerging performance of the financial markets in the East Asian countries. It introduces newly developed financial products, institutions, governance mechanism, banking policy changes and their implications in the East Asian economies, and discusses the way forward for these economies with recommendations for policy implications. It also contains suggestions for other developing countries trying to achieve rapid growth.
The increased mobility and volume of international capital flows is a striking trend in international finance. While countries worldwide have engaged in financial deregulation, nowhere is this pattern more pronounced than in East Asia, where it has affected in unanticipated ways the behavior of exchange rates, interest rates, and capital flows. In these thirteen essays, American and Asian scholars analyze the effects of financial deregulation and integration on East Asian markets. Topics covered include the roles of the United States and Japan in trading with Asian countries, macroeconomic policy implications of export-led growth in Korea and Taiwan, the effects of foreign direct investment in China, and the impact of financial liberalization in Japan, Korea, and Singapore. Demonstrating the complexity of financial deregulation and the challenges it poses for policy makers, this volume provides an excellent picture of the overall status of East Asian financial markets for scholars in international finance and Asian economic development.
The management of financial crises in emerging markets is a vital and high-stakes challenge in an increasingly global economy. For this reason, it's also a highly contentious issue in today's public policy circles. In this book, leading economists-many of whom have also participated in policy debates on these issues-consider how best to reduce the frequency and cost of such crises. The contributions here explore the management process from the beginning of a crisis to the long-term effects of the techniques used to minimize it. The first three chapters focus on the earliest responses and the immediate defense of a currency under attack, exploring whether unnecessary damage to economies can be avoided by adopting the right response within the first few days of a financial crisis. Next, contributors examine the adjustment programs that follow, considering how to design these programs so that they shorten the recovery phase, encourage economic growth, and minimize the probability of future difficulties. Finally, the last four papers analyze the actual effects of adjustment programs, asking whether they accomplish what they are designed to do-and whether, as many critics assert, they impose disproportionate costs on the poorest members of society. Recent high-profile currency crises have proven not only how harmful they can be to neighboring economies and trading partners, but also how important policy responses can be in determining their duration and severity. Economists and policymakers will welcome the insightful evaluations in this important volume, and those of its companion, Sebastian Edwards and Jeffrey A. Frankel's Preventing Currency Crises in Emerging Markets.
This comprehensive book provides detailed descriptions and analysis of the bond markets in eight East Asian developing economies: Hong Kong, Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand. Drawing on the most recent data available, Emery assesses the strengths and weaknesses of each countrys bond market, concluding with comparisons of the eight countries bond markets. The book will be an invaluable reference for economists, policymakers, and all those interested in emerging capital markets. }Drawing on the most recent data available, this comprehensive book provides detailed descriptions and analysis of the bond markets in eight East Asian developing economies: Hong Kong, Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand. Robert Emery devotes a full chapter to evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of each countrys bond market. For each country, Emery describes the history of the bond market and identifies its key participants, the different types of bonds, and the current terms for bond issues. He also discusses the size of the bond market, the bond issuing process, trading procedures and the structure of the market, the clearing and settlement system, and fees and taxes. Finally, he lists the regulators of the market, current regulations, and bond rating agencies; assesses the markets past performance; and offers suggestions for improvement.Each country chapter is organized into a standard format, making it easy for the reader to locate and compare specific information. Emery concludes the book with cross-country comparisons of the eight countries bond markets. It will be an invaluable reference for economists, policymakers, and all those interested in emerging capital markets. }
This guidance note was prepared by International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank Group staff under a project undertaken with the support of grants from the Financial Sector Reform and Strengthening Initiative, (FIRST).The aim of the project was to deliver a report that provides emerging market and developing economies with guidance and a roadmap in developing their local currency bond markets (LCBMs). This note will also inform technical assistance missions in advising authorities on the formulation of policies to deepen LCBMs.
Written for international finance executives, economists, and policymakers, this is the first book to describe in detail the money markets of the eight major developing countries of East Asia: Hong Kong, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Taiwan. Robert F. Emery makes use of the most recent and complete data available to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of each individual market and identify the main participants, the nature of the instruments used, the size of the market, and any official influences on the market. He also assesses each market in terms of its past performance, suggests possible measures to improve the market, and describes the basic ingredients for establishing a viable and growing market. Following an introductory chapter that explains Asian money markets, the volume contains chapters on each of the eight countries that analyze their respective markets in detail. Each chapter is organized into a standard format, making it easy for the reader to locate specific information. The introductory section contains information on the country's general economy, its financial system, the structure of the money market, and significant money market developments. Subsequent sections examine individual components of the money market, such as the interbank or commercial paper market. An analytical section discusses how large a role the money market plays in the country's economy, evaluates past financial policies, and proposes future policy initiatives. The final chapter makes cross-country comparisons of the various countries' markets and indicates what lessons can be derived from the preceding analyses. Numerous explanatory tables and figures amplify points made in the text.
Kevin Watkins analyses the manner in which the economies of East Asia have attained high economic growth rates and managed to share the prosperity widely. A caveat is included as some groups have been excluded from these benefits on ethnic grounds.
This paper reviews macroeconomic developments during the first year of the crisis in east Asia and draws some preliminary policy lessons. The crisis is rooted in the interaction of large capital inflows and weak private and public sector governance. At the same time, macroeconomic adjustment in these countries has resulted in some surprising outcomes, including severe economic contractions, low inflation, and rapid external adjustment. The lessons for crisis resolution include the importance of tight monetary policy early on for exchange rate stabilization, flexible fiscal policy, and comprehensive structural reform. Crises are avoided by prudent macroeconomic policies, diligent bank supervision, transparent data dissemination, strong governance, and forward-looking policymaking, even in good times.
