Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2)
Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2)

Author: Hardy J. Rideout

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-03-28

Total Pages: 280

ISBN-13: 3319499696

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This is the first book to assemble the leading researchers in the field of LRRK2 biology and neurology and provide a snapshot of the current state of knowledge, encompassing all major aspects of its function and dysfunction. The contributors are experts in cell biology and physiology, neurobiology, and medicinal chemistry, bringing a multidisciplinary perspective on the gene and its role in disease. The book covers the identification of LRRK2 as a major contributor to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. It also discusses the current state of the field after a decade of research, putative normal physiological roles of LRRK2, and the various pathways that have been identified in the search for the mechanism(s) of its induction of neurodegeneration.

The Molecular Basis of Programmed Cell Death and Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases
The Molecular Basis of Programmed Cell Death and Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Author: Ramkumar Mathur

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2024-01-25

Total Pages: 138

ISBN-13: 2832543499

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Age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are characterized by progressive neuroinflammation as well as neuronal degeneration. Apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy are all types of programmed cell death that are morphologically distinct from one another. Over the last decade, extensive research has been conducted on necroptosis, resulting in a better understanding of its molecular underpinnings and role in neurodegenerative diseases. A later study investigates the processes of apoptosis and necroptosis, as well as their roles in the activation of inflammatory immune responses. Although there is a distinct mode of cell death with distinct morphological characteristics, its identification and implications in neurological diseases are still unknown. Interestingly, emerging evidence has established a direct link between epigenetic and posttranslational modifications and neurodegenerative disease. Using epigenetic and proteomic methods, researchers uncovered genes and proteins that may play a function in the area of neuroinflammation, a role that has hitherto been overlooked. New pharmacological targets and therapeutic options for neurodegenerative diseases are being investigated in order to gain a better understanding of the disease's origins and progression by using neuronal death and neuroinflammation models that are associated with epigenetic changes.

Membrane Biogenesis
Membrane Biogenesis

Author: Jos A.F. Op den Kamp

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-06-29

Total Pages: 474

ISBN-13: 3642731848

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Many individual aspects of the dynamics and assembly of biological membranes have been studied in great detail. Cell biological approaches, advanced genetics, biophysics and biochemistry have greatly contributed to an increase in our knowledge in this field.lt is obvious however, that the three major membrane constituents - lipids, proteins and carbohydrates- are studied, in most cases separately and that a coherent overview of the various aspects of membrane biogenesis is not readily available. The NATO Advanced Study Institute on "New Perspectives in the Dynamics of Assembly of Biomembranes" intended to provide such an overview: it was set up to teach students and specialists the achievements obtained in the various research areas and to try and integrate the numerous aspects of membrane assembly into a coherent framework. The articles in here reflect this. Statting with detailed contributions on phospholipid structure, dynamics, organization and biogenesis, an up to date overview of the basic, lipidic backbone of biomembranes is given. Extensive progress is made in the research on membrane protein biosynthesis. In particular the post- and co-translational modification processes of proteins, the mechanisms of protein translocation and the sorting mechanisms which are necessary to direct proteins to their final, intra - or extracellular destination have been characterized in detail. Modern genetic approaches were indispensable in this research area: gene cloning, hybrid protein construction, site directed mutagenesis and sequencing techniques elucidated many functional aspects of specific nucleic acid and amino acid sequences.

Autophagy and Cancer
Autophagy and Cancer

Author: Hong-Gang Wang

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-30

Total Pages: 267

ISBN-13: 1461465613

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With the explosion of information on autophagy in cancer, this is an opportune time to speed the efforts to translate our current knowledge about autophagy regulation into better understanding of its role in cancer. This book will cover the latest advances in this area from the basics, such as the molecular machinery for autophagy induction and regulation, up to the current areas of interest such as modulation of autophagy and drug discovery for cancer prevention and treatment. The text will include an explanation on how autophagy can function in both oncogenesis and tumor suppression and a description of its function in tumor development and tumor suppression through its roles in cell survival, cell death, cell growth as well as its influences on inflammation, immunity, DNA damage, oxidative stress, tumor microenvironment, etc. The remaining chapters will cover topics on autophagy and cancer therapy. These pages will serve as a description on how the pro-survival function of autophagy may help cancer cells resist chemotherapy and radiation treatment as well as how the pro-death functions of autophagy may enhance cell death in response to cancer therapy, and how to target autophagy for cancer prevention and therapy − what to target and how to target it. ​

PI3K signalling
PI3K signalling

Author: Klaus Okkenhaug

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2015-03-05

Total Pages: 140

ISBN-13: 2889194191

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The PI3Ks control many key functions in immune cells. PI3Ks phosphorylate PtdIns(4,5)P2 to yield PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. Initially, PI3K inhibitors such as Wortmannin, LY294002 and Rapamycin were used to establish a central role for Pi3K pathway in immune cells. Considerable progress in understanding the role of this pathway in cells of the immune system has been made in recent years, starting with analysis of various PI3K and Pten knockout mice and subsequently mTOR and Foxo knockout mice. Together, these experiments have revealed how PI3Ks control B cell and T cell development, T helper cell differentiation, regulatory T cell development and function, B cell and T cell trafficking, immunoglobulin class switching and much, much more. The PI3Kd inhibitor idelalisib has recently been approved for the treatment of B cell lymphoma. Clinical trials of other PI3K inhibitors in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases are also in progress. This is an opportune time to consider a Research Topic considering when what we have learned about the PI3K signalling module in lymphocyte biology and how this is making an impact on clinical immunology and haematology.

Cell Surface GRP78, a New Paradigm in Signal Transduction Biology
Cell Surface GRP78, a New Paradigm in Signal Transduction Biology

Author: Salvatore V. Pizzo

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2018-03-20

Total Pages: 146

ISBN-13: 0128123524

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Cell Surface GRP78, a New Paradigm in Signal Transduction Biology presents a new paradigm that has emerged in the past decade with the discovery that various intracellular proteins may acquire new functions as cell surface receptors. Two very prominent examples are ATP synthase and GRP78. While the role of cell surface ATP synthase has been reviewed in various books, this book directs its attention to the story of cell surface GRP78. - Edited by the researcher who identified cell surface expression of the molecular chaperone GRP78 as a major factor in prostate cancer and other malignancies - Presents an in-depth treatment of the biological underpinnings of GRP78 and its connection to disease - Provides four-color illustrations that facilitate the narrative

Cell Cycle Regulation
Cell Cycle Regulation

Author: Philipp Kaldis

Publisher: Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation

Published: 2006-06-26

Total Pages: 400

ISBN-13:

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This book is a state-of-the-art summary of the latest achievements in cell cycle control research with an outlook on the effect of these findings on cancer research. The chapters are written by internationally leading experts in the field. They provide an updated view on how the cell cycle is regulated in vivo, and about the involvement of cell cycle regulators in cancer.

Molecular Basis of Memory
Molecular Basis of Memory

Author:

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2014-01-30

Total Pages: 467

ISBN-13: 0124202004

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This special volume of Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science provides a current overview of how memory is processed in the brain. A broad range of topics are presented by leaders in the field, ranging from brain circuitry to synaptic plasticity to the molecular machinery that contributes to the brain's ability to maintain information across time. Memory systems in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala are considered as well. In addition, the volume covers recent contributions to our understanding of memory from in vivo imaging, optogenetic, electrophysiological, biochemical and molecular biological studies. - Articles from world renowned experts in memory - Covering topics from signaling, epigenetic, RNA translation to plasticity - Methodological approaches include molecular and cellular, behavioral, electrophysiological, optogenetic and functional imaging

Neuronal Cell Death
Neuronal Cell Death

Author: Laura Lossi

Publisher: Humana Press

Published: 2014-11-28

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781493921515

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This volume represents a valuable and readily reproducible collection of established and emerging techniques for neuronal cell death research. Conveniently divided into four parts, sections cover a series of techniques for the molecular, structural, functional and genomic characterization of dying neurons, a number of protocols that are of primary interest in neuropathology and in experimental neuropathology, a series of gene engineering techniques to obtain and manipulate neuronal stem cells and progenitors, to prepare HSV-1 vectors for the gene therapy, and to CNS transplantation of bone marrow stem cells, and finally, some very interesting protocols for the study of cell death in non-mammalian models. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, Neuronal Cell Death: Methods and Protocols seeks to serve a large audience of scientists that are currently active in the field or are willing to enter such an exciting and still expanding area of neurobiology.

Cyclin Dependent Kinase 5 (Cdk5)
Cyclin Dependent Kinase 5 (Cdk5)

Author: Nancy Y. Ip

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2009-02-28

Total Pages: 326

ISBN-13: 0387788875

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Cyclin Dependent Kinase 5 provides a comprehensive and up-to-date collection of reviews on the discovery, signaling mechanisms and functions of Cdk5, as well as the potential implication of Cdk5 in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Since the identification of this unique member of the Cdk family, Cdk5 has emerged as one of the most important signal transduction mediators in the development, maintenance and fine-tuning of neuronal functions and networking. Further studies have revealed that Cdk5 is also associated with the regulation of neuronal survival during both developmental stages and in neurodegenerative diseases. These observations indicate that precise control of Cdk5 is essential for the regulation of neuronal survival. The pivotal role Cdk5 appears to play in both the regulation of neuronal survival and synaptic functions thus raises the interesting possibility that Cdk5 inhibitors may serve as therapeutic treatment for a number of neurodegenerative diseases.