Essays on philanthropy, power, and the continuing influence of the British Empire on humanitarian efforts in today’s world. In the name of benevolence, philanthropy, and humanitarian aid, individuals, groups, and nations have sought to assist others and to redress forms of suffering and deprivation. Yet the inherent imbalances of power between the giver and the recipient of this benevolence have called into question the motives and rationale for such assistance. This volume examines the evolution of the ideas and practices of benevolence, chiefly in the context of British imperialism, from the late eighteenth century to the present. The authors consider more than a dozen examples of practical and theoretical benevolence from the anti-slavery movement of the late eighteenth century to such modern activities as refugee asylum in Europe, opposition to female genital mutilation in Africa, fundraising for charities, and restoring the wetlands in post-Saddam southern Iraq.
This is the first known biography of Sir Charles Bullen Hugh Mitchell G C M G, former Governor of the Straits Settlements and District Grand Master of the freemasons in the Eastern Archipelago.The book traces his early life as an officer in the Royal Marines, where he served for 15 years, ending up with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, as well as his long, distinguished career in the Colonial Service, serving Queen Victoria in many countries including Natal in Southern Africa during and after the Zulu Wars, British Honduras, British Guiana, Fiji and Singapore.It is his time in Singapore that is given extensive treatment in the book. Having been sworn in as Governor and Commander-in-Chief of The Straits Settlements and their Dependencies (the 'Colony') on 1 February 1894, Mitchell inherited a colony, which was in very serious financial difficulty. With his prudent financial management, the governor brought the Colony back to a strong financial position and completed many projects. He was also instrumental in the implementation of the Federation of Malay States and was its first High Commissioner.His governorship was cut short when he died suddenly at the Colony's Government House (the current Istana) on 7 December 1899 and was buried in Singapore.However, his legacy was written out by his successor Sir Frank Swettenham who would take credit for the Colony's achievements. To this end, this book will go towards correcting the history of Singapore and Malaya at that time.The book also contains one of the very few public accounts of freemasonry in Singapore during the 19th Century and those of prominent freemasons participating in the colonial administration and commercial sector in the Colony.
Not until the early nineteenth century would polygenetic and racialist theories win many adherents. But by the middle of the nineteenth century in England, racial categories were imposed upon humanity. How the idea of 'race' gained popularity in England at that time is the central focus of The Victorian Reinvention of Race: New Racisms and the Problem of Grouping in the Human Sciences.