The Copts of Egypt
The Copts of Egypt

Author: Vivian Ibrahim

Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing

Published: 2010-12-02

Total Pages: 295

ISBN-13: 0857736329

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The Coptic Christians of Egypt have traditionally been portrayed as a 'beleaguered minority', persecuted in a Muslim majority state and by the threat of political Islam. Vivian Ibrahim offers a vivid portrayal of the community and an alternative interpretation of Coptic agency in the twentieth century, through newly dicovered sources. Dismissing the monolithic portrayal of this community, she analyses how Copts negotiated a role for themselves during the colonial and Nasserist periods, and their multifaceted response to the emergence of the Muslim Brotherhood. She examines reform within the Church itself, and how it led to power struggles that redefined the role of the Pope and Church in Nasser's Egypt. The findings of this book hold great relevance for understanding identity politics and the place of the Coptic community in the fast-changing political landscape of today's Egypt.

British Military Operations in Egypt and the Sudan
British Military Operations in Egypt and the Sudan

Author: Harold E. Raugh

Publisher: Scarecrow Press

Published: 2008-05-02

Total Pages: 378

ISBN-13: 1461657008

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The British Army's campaigns in Egypt and the Sudan from 1882 to 1899 were among the most dramatic and hard-fought in British military history. In 1882, the British sent an expeditionary force to Egypt to quell the Arabic Revolt and secure British control of the Suez Canal, its lifeline to India. The enigmatic British Major General Charles G. Gordon was sent to the Sudan in 1884 to study the possibility of evacuating Egyptian garrisons threatened by Muslim fanatics, the dervishes, in the Sudan. While the dervishes defeated the British forces on a number of occasions, the British eventually learned to combat the insurrection and ultimately, largely through superior technology and firepower, vanquished the insurgents in 1898. British Operations in Egypt and the Sudan: A Selected Bibliography enumerates and generally describes and annotates hundreds of contemporary, current, and hard-to-find books, journal articles, government documents, and personal papers on all aspects of British military operations in Egypt and the Sudan from 1882 to 1899. Arranged chronologically and topically, chapters cover the various campaigns, focusing on specific battles, leading military personalities, and the contributions of imperial nations as well as supporting services of the British Army. This definitive volume is an indispensable reference for researching imperialism, colonial history, and British military operations, leadership, and tactics.

Laboratory on the Nile
Laboratory on the Nile

Author: Patrick F D'Arcy

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 1999-10-20

Total Pages: 318

ISBN-13: 9780789007285

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Explore the tropical medical research and findings of the British and Sudanese doctors and scientists in the 1900s! Laboratory on the Nile describes in detail the work of The Wellcome Tropical Research Laboratories in Khartoum, Sudan, that was under the direction of Dr. Andrew Balfour in the aftermath of the reconquest of The Sudan after the Mahdia period. As a student of tropical medicine or a medical or pharmaceutical historian, you will discover how the floating laboratory helped to advance tropical medicine as it was towed along the reaches of both the Blue and White Niles to gain clinical cases, collect specimens, and learn about the lives and customs of the Arab and Negroid Sudanese. Based on the complete set of reports and reviews of the Wellcome Tropical Research Laboratories, Laboratory on the Nile presents a summary of the military and political matters that brought the British and Dervish forces of the Mahdia into armed conflict. You will explore how the conqueror, Kitchener of Khartoum, led his people toward civilization with an educational movement that allowed industrial philanthropist Henry S. Wellcome to provide the means for medical research. Complete with multiple photos and drawings of the period (1899-1913), Laboratory on the Nile covers the research of what became a world-renowned center of excellence in tropical disease research. In Laboratory on the Nile, you will discover research that revealed brutal and superstitious practices such as female circumcision, mutilation, crude surgery, barbaric medical practices, the inhumane treatment of those thought to be possessed by devils, and the reliance on charms and mystic-religious practices. Within this historical work you will also explore: research on tropical diseases and the collection of plants, insects, blood samples, and photographs of diseased individuals research on the Nile river, and in agricultural developments, dealing with famines from failed harvests eradicating the mosquito and instilling sanitary conditions in Sudan to halt the spread of diseases and ailments such as dysentery, enteric fever, malaria, measles, and chicken-pox fascinating accounts of Dervish medicine that was a combination of savage quackery and charlatan tricks investigations into tropical medicine, hygiene, parasitology, and sanitation the efforts used to treat the Kal-azar disease which has a long and fatal history in Africa, Asia, and Latin America detailed accounts of early research expeditions that examined the people themselves, their customs, superstitions, and traditional medical practices Laboratory on the Nile is an in-depth look at the tropical medical research and studies that were conducted to benefit the people of The Sudan in fighting diseases. You will gain considerable insight into this fascinating and historical account of these world-renowned research efforts that have helped medicine become what it is today.

The First World War
The First World War

Author: Hew Strachan

Publisher: OUP Oxford

Published: 2003-02-06

Total Pages: 1248

ISBN-13: 0191608343

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This is the first truly definitive history of the First World War, the war that has done most to shape the twentieth century. The first generation of its historians had access to only a limited range of sources, and their focus was primarily on military events. More recent approaches have embraced cultural, diplomatic, economic, and social history. In Hew Strachan's authoritative and readable history these fresh perspectives are incorporated with the military and strategic narrative. The result is an account that breaks the bounds of national preoccupations to become both global and comparative. To Arms, the first of three volumes in this magisterial study, examines not only the causes of the war and its opening clashes on land and sea, but also the ideas that underpinned it, and the motivations of the people who supported it. It provides full and pioneering accounts of the war's finances, of the war in Africa, and of the Central Powers' bid to widen the war outside Europe.

Africa, Asia, and South America Since 1800
Africa, Asia, and South America Since 1800

Author: A. J. H. Latham

Publisher: Manchester University Press

Published: 1995

Total Pages: 312

ISBN-13: 9780719018770

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A reference for graduate and undergraduate students presenting the bibliographic details and sometimes describing and evaluating the content of over 5,000 books in English, most published since 1945 and many quite recently, but also some earlier works of enduring importance. A section of works on all three continents is followed by sections on each, which first consider the continent as a whole, then each country, usually by chronological periods and topics such as economics, politics, and society. Indexed only by author and editor, but the table of contents is detailed enough to provide adequate access. Distributed in the US by St. Martin's Press. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or.

Three Empires on the Nile
Three Empires on the Nile

Author: Dominic Green

Publisher: Simon and Schuster

Published: 2007-01-23

Total Pages: 353

ISBN-13: 0743298950

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A secular regime is toppled by Western intervention, but an Islamic backlash turns the liberators into occupiers. Caught between interventionists at home and fundamentalists abroad, a prime minister flounders as his ministers betray him, alliances fall apart, and a runaway general makes policy in the field. As the media accuse Western soldiers of barbarity and a region slides into chaos, the armies of God clash on an ancient river and an accidental empire arises. This is not the Middle East of the early twenty-first century. It is Africa in the late nineteenth century, when the river Nile became the setting for an extraordinary collision between Europeans, Arabs, and Africans. A human and religious drama, the conflict defined the modern relationship between the West and the Islamic world. The story is not only essential for understanding the modern clash of civilizations but is also a gripping, epic, tragic adventure. Three Empires on the Nile tells of the rise of the first modern Islamic state and its fateful encounter with the British Empire of Queen Victoria. Ever since the self-proclaimed Islamic messiah known as the Mahdi gathered an army in the Sudan and besieged and captured Khartoum under its British overlord Charles Gordon, the dream of a new caliphate has haunted modern Islamists. Today, Shiite insurgents call themselves the Mahdi Army, and Sudan remains one of the great fault lines of battle between Muslims and Christians, blacks and Arabs. The nineteenth-century origins of it all were even more dramatic and strange than today's headlines. In the hands of Dominic Green, the story of the Nile's three empires is an epic in the tradition of Kipling, the bard of empire, and Winston Churchill, who fought in the final destruction of the Mahdi's army. It is a sweeping and very modern tale of God and globalization, slavers and strategists, missionaries and messianists. A pro-Western regime collapses from its own corruption, a jihad threatens the global economy, a liberation movement degenerates into a tyrannical cult, military intervention goes wrong, and a temporary occupation lasts for decades. In the rise and fall of empires, we see a parable for our own times and a reminder that, while American military involvement in the Islamic world is the beginning of a new era for America, it is only the latest chapter in an older story for the people of the region.

Wingate Pasha
Wingate Pasha

Author: R.J.M Pugh

Publisher: Pen and Sword

Published: 2011-09-19

Total Pages: 379

ISBN-13: 1473820812

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Wingate Pasha is the first biography of an eminent Scottish soldier-statesman who contributed much to the development of the Sudan and Egypt during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It tells the story of a man from an impoverished background with a rudimentary education who nonetheless mastered several foreign languages including Arabic. In 1884, Wingate joined the expeditionary force to relieve Khartoum, which arrived two days too late, General Gordon having been murdered. As Kitcheners Military Intelligence Officer, Wingate was instrumental in assisting Kitchener to recover Sudan from Dervish domination. As Governor-General of the Sudan, Wingates enlightened administration brought unprecedented political, social and economic prosperity to the Sudanese people. in the First World War, Wingate played a leading role in organising the Arab Revolt against the Turks, although it was his subordinate, T E Lawrence (of Arabia) who received the acclaim. After the war, as High Commissioner of Egypt, he continued to seek justice for the Egyptian people at the Paris Peace Conference which led to the signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.He retired from public life to Dunbar in Scotland and had a successful business career until he died in 1953.