The Learnability of Complex Constructions
The Learnability of Complex Constructions

Author: Marcel Schlechtweg

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Published: 2020-08-10

Total Pages: 280

ISBN-13: 3110695189

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How language users from different linguistic backgrounds cope with forms of complexity is still a territory with many unanswered questions. The current book is concerned with morphologically and syntactically complex items, that is, derivatives, inflected forms, compounds, phrases and forms related by agreement and examines how these constructions are acquired and learned in a great range of different languages, such as Turkish, Welsh, Basque and Catalan. Relying on a variety of methodologies targeting production or comprehension, among others, lexical decision and priming experiments, an EEG study, a corpus analysis and a reading test, the authors consider data from native speakers mastering one or more languages and second-language users. Overall, the volume reflects upon and contributes to our understanding of how the pecularities of language and its users affect the learnability of complex forms.

The Learnability of Complex Constructions
The Learnability of Complex Constructions

Author: Marcel Schlechtweg

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Published: 2020-08-10

Total Pages: 246

ISBN-13: 3110695111

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How language users from different linguistic backgrounds cope with forms of complexity is still a territory with many unanswered questions. The current book is concerned with morphologically and syntactically complex items, that is, derivatives, inflected forms, compounds, phrases and forms related by agreement and examines how these constructions are acquired and learned in a great range of different languages, such as Turkish, Welsh, Basque and Catalan. Relying on a variety of methodologies targeting production or comprehension, among others, lexical decision and priming experiments, an EEG study, a corpus analysis and a reading test, the authors consider data from native speakers mastering one or more languages and second-language users. Overall, the volume reflects upon and contributes to our understanding of how the pecularities of language and its users affect the learnability of complex forms.

Reinforcement Learning
Reinforcement Learning

Author: Marco Wiering

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-03-05

Total Pages: 653

ISBN-13: 3642276458

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Reinforcement learning encompasses both a science of adaptive behavior of rational beings in uncertain environments and a computational methodology for finding optimal behaviors for challenging problems in control, optimization and adaptive behavior of intelligent agents. As a field, reinforcement learning has progressed tremendously in the past decade. The main goal of this book is to present an up-to-date series of survey articles on the main contemporary sub-fields of reinforcement learning. This includes surveys on partially observable environments, hierarchical task decompositions, relational knowledge representation and predictive state representations. Furthermore, topics such as transfer, evolutionary methods and continuous spaces in reinforcement learning are surveyed. In addition, several chapters review reinforcement learning methods in robotics, in games, and in computational neuroscience. In total seventeen different subfields are presented by mostly young experts in those areas, and together they truly represent a state-of-the-art of current reinforcement learning research. Marco Wiering works at the artificial intelligence department of the University of Groningen in the Netherlands. He has published extensively on various reinforcement learning topics. Martijn van Otterlo works in the cognitive artificial intelligence group at the Radboud University Nijmegen in The Netherlands. He has mainly focused on expressive knowledge representation in reinforcement learning settings.

From Synapses to Rules
From Synapses to Rules

Author: Bruno Apolloni

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 402

ISBN-13: 1461507057

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One high-level ability of the human brain is to understand what it has learned. This seems to be the crucial advantage in comparison to the brain activity of other primates. At present we are technologically almost ready to artificially reproduce human brain tissue, but we still do not fully understand the information processing and the related biological mechanisms underlying this ability. Thus an electronic clone of the human brain is still far from being realizable. At the same time, around twenty years after the revival of the connectionist paradigm, we are not yet satisfied with the typical subsymbolic attitude of devices like neural networks: we can make them learn to solve even difficult problems, but without a clear explanation of why a solution works. Indeed, to widely use these devices in a reliable and non elementary way we need formal and understandable expressions of the learnt functions. of being tested, manipulated and composed with These must be susceptible other similar expressions to build more structured functions as a solution of complex problems via the usual deductive methods of the Artificial Intelligence. Many effort have been steered in this directions in the last years, constructing artificial hybrid systems where a cooperation between the sub symbolic processing of the neural networks merges in various modes with symbolic algorithms. In parallel, neurobiology research keeps on supplying more and more detailed explanations of the low-level phenomena responsible for mental processes.

Duality of the Mind
Duality of the Mind

Author: Ron Sun

Publisher: Psychology Press

Published: 2001-09-01

Total Pages: 298

ISBN-13: 1135646961

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This book is a condensation of a large body of work concerning human learning carried out over a period of more than five years by Dr. Sun and his collaborators. In a nutshell, this work is concerned with a broad framework for studying human cognition based on a new approach that is characterized by its focus on the dichotomy of, and the interaction between, explicit and implicit cognition and a computational model that implements this framework. In this work, a broad, generic computational model was developed that instantiates Dr. Sun's framework and enables the testing of his theoretical approach in a variety of ways. With this model, simulation results were matched with data of human cognition in a variety of different domains. Formal (mathematical and computational) analyses were also carried out to further explore the model and its numerous implementational details. Furthermore, this book addresses some of the most significant theoretical issues, such as symbol grounding, intentionality, social cognition, consciousness, and other theoretical issues in relation to the framework. The general framework and the model developed generate interesting insights into these theoretical issues.

Creative Model Construction in Scientists and Students
Creative Model Construction in Scientists and Students

Author: John Clement

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-06-10

Total Pages: 608

ISBN-13: 1402067127

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How do scientists use analogies and other processes to break away from old theories and generate new ones? This book documents such methods through the analysis of video tapes of scientifically trained experts thinking aloud while working on unfamiliar problems. Some aspects of creative scientific thinking are difficult to explain, such as the power of analogies, and the enigmatic ability to learn from thought experiments. This book is a window on that world.

The Routledge Encyclopedia of Second Language Acquisition
The Routledge Encyclopedia of Second Language Acquisition

Author: Peter Robinson

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2012-08-21

Total Pages: 781

ISBN-13: 1136485589

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The Routledge Encyclopedia of Second Language Acquisition offers a user-friendly, authoritative survey of terms and constructs that are important to understanding research in second language acquisition (SLA) and its applications. The Encyclopedia is designed for use as a reference tool by students, researchers, teachers and professionals with an interest in SLA. The Encyclopedia has the following features: • 252 alphabetized entries written in an accessible style, including cross references to other related entries in the Encyclopedia and suggestions for further reading • Among these, 9 survey entries that cover the foundational areas of SLA in detail: Development in SLA, Discourse and Pragmatics in SLA, Individual Differences in SLA, Instructed SLA, Language and the Lexicon in SLA, Measuring and Researching SLA, Psycholingustics of SLA, Social and Sociocultural Approaches to SLA, Theoretical Constructs in SLA. • The rest of the entries cover all the major subdisciplines, methodologies and concepts of SLA, from “Accommodation” to the “ZISA project.” Written by an international team of specialists, the Routledge Encyclopedia of Second Language Acquisition is an invaluable resource for students and researchers with an academic interest in SLA.

The Routledge Encyclopedia of Second Language Acquisition
The Routledge Encyclopedia of Second Language Acquisition

Author: Peter Jake Robinson

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2013

Total Pages: 782

ISBN-13: 0415877512

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The Routledge Encyclopedia of Second Language Acquisition offers a user-friendly, authoritative survey of terms and constructs that are important to understanding research in second language acquisition (SLA) and its applications. The Encyclopedia is designed for use as a reference tool by students, researchers, teachers and professionals with an interest in SLA. The Encyclopedia has the following features: * 252 alphabetized entries written in an accessible style, including cross references to other related entries in the Encyclopedia and suggestions for further reading * Among these, 9 survey entries that cover the foundational areas of SLA in detail: Development in SLA, Discourse and Pragmatics in SLA, Individual Differences in SLA, Instructed SLA, Language and the Lexicon in SLA, Measuring and Researching SLA, Psycholingustics of SLA, Social and Sociocultural Approaches to SLA, Theoretical Constructs in SLA. * The rest of the entries cover all the major subdisciplines, methodologies and concepts of SLA, from "Accommodation" to the "ZISA project." Written by an international team of specialists, the Routledge Encyclopedia of Second Language Acquisition is an invaluable resource for students and researchers with an academic interest in SLA.

Form-Meaning Connections in Second Language Acquisition
Form-Meaning Connections in Second Language Acquisition

Author: Bill VanPatten

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2004-07-21

Total Pages: 280

ISBN-13: 1135614202

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This volume addresses theoretical and research domains related to questions of how forms-meaning connections are initiated, processed, and stored, and what internal and external factors may affect these mappings.