Annals of the Labouring Poor
Annals of the Labouring Poor

Author: K. D. M. Snell

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1987-04-02

Total Pages: 480

ISBN-13: 9780521335584

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Levels of employment, wage rates, welfare relief, sexual divisions of labor, apprenticeship patterns and seasonal economic fluctuations are included in this reassessment of the standard of living of rural labor during this period of England's industrialization.

Children of the Labouring Poor
Children of the Labouring Poor

Author: Eileen Wallace

Publisher: Univ of Hertfordshire Press

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 196

ISBN-13: 9781905313495

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Chronicling the contributions children made towards their families' livelihoods in hard times, this detailed record catalogs the high price children had to pay--sacrificing their health and education--while employed in agriculture, chimney sweeping, straw-plaiting, silk-throwing, papermaking, and brick making in 19th-century Hertfordshire, England. This enlightening history demonstrates that the poor conditions in factories and mills, as well as in household chimneys, contributed to the many diseases and injuries that afflicted these young laborers. While there are examples of innovative manufacturers such as John Dickinson, who built respectable housing for his employees, the overall picture that emerges during this period is one in which Hertfordshire's children arduously struggled to make ends meet.