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Author: Arthur Garrison
Publisher: Cognella Academic Publishing
Published: 2017-12-31
Total Pages:
ISBN-13: 9781516525751
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Arthur Garrison
Publisher: Cognella Academic Publishing
Published: 2020-08
Total Pages:
ISBN-13: 9781516592579
DOWNLOAD EBOOKIt is a truism that whites are more likely to perceive American criminal justice as just and fair, while blacks are more likely to view the system with distrust and belief it is biased against them. The difference is in the divergent historical and contemporary life experiences of both groups. Chained to the System: The History and Politics of Black Incarceration in America explores the experience of blacks under American law beginning with the linking of black skin to the institution of slavery, prohibiting the applicability of slave status to whites, and the passage of slave laws that defined protection of legal rights by skin color. Subsequent policies include the development of policing through the use of slave patrols pre-Civil War, the origin of disproportionate black incarceration through the imposition of criminal surety and other involuntary servitude laws post-Civil War, and the "get tough on crime" laws and political rhetoric of presidents Nixon, Reagan, and Clinton. Presenting these historical events in the context of contemporary discourse on black incarceration and police use of force, Chained to the System provides an unflinching look at American criminal justice and its relationship with blacks.
Author: Arthur H. Garrison
Publisher:
Published: 2023-08-09
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThrough a socio-legal, socio-psychological, and socio-historical analysis of race and the history of American political rhetoric on crime, Race and Criminal Justice History: Rhetoric, Politics, and Policy provides a foundation for understanding how Blacks are perceived and how long-standing negative perceptions have influenced their interactions with the criminal justice system. The text discusses how criminal justice policy and perceptions of criminality are related and how Blacks are stereotyped as criminals. It explores how racial bias, prejudice, and racism can influence police interactions. Later chapters explore the history of race and use of criminal laws in postbellum and post- Reconstruction America-including convict leasing, criminal peonage, criminal surety, and other forms of involuntary servitude-to explain the historical constant of Black disproportionate incarceration. The adoption of Jim Crow by the Supreme Court and the use of the criminal justice system as the replacement of slavery for the social control of Blacks provides a context for understanding contemporary criminal justice policy and political rhetoric. The revised first edition features updated U.S. crime statistics and an expanded presentation of President Johnson's 1966 messages to Congress on crime and law enforcement that formed the contemporary rhetorical linkage of race and poverty to explain crime. Race and Criminal Justice History is an ideal text for criminal justice, sociology, psychology, social work, political science, public administration, public policy, and race and ethnic studies courses.
Author: Mark Peffley
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2010-06-28
Total Pages: 277
ISBN-13: 1139487833
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAs reactions to the O. J. Simpson verdict, the Rodney King beating, and the Amadou Diallo killing make clear, whites and African Americans in the United States inhabit two different perceptual worlds, with the former seeing the justice system as largely fair and color blind and the latter believing it to be replete with bias and discrimination. The authors tackle two important questions in this book: what explains the widely differing perceptions, and why do such differences matter? They attribute much of the racial chasm to the relatively common personal confrontations that many blacks have with law enforcement – confrontations seldom experienced by whites. More importantly, the authors demonstrate that this racial chasm is consequential: it leads African Americans to react much more cynically to incidents of police brutality and racial profiling, and also to be far more skeptical of punitive anti-crime policies ranging from the death penalty to three-strikes laws.
Author: Jon Hurwitz
Publisher: Yale University Press
Published: 1998-01-01
Total Pages: 278
ISBN-13: 9780300143454
DOWNLOAD EBOOKBased on one of the most extensive scientific surveys of race ever conducted, this book investigates the relationship between racial perceptions and policy choices in America. The contributors—leading scholars in the fields of public opinion, race relations, and political behavior—clarify and explore images of African-Americans that white Americans hold and the complex ways that racial stereotypes shape modern political debates about such issues as affirmative action, housing, welfare, and crime.The authors make use of the largest national study of public opinion on racial issues in more than a generation—the Race and Politics Study (RPS) conducted by the Survey Research Center at the University of California. The RPS employed methodological improvements made possible by Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing, a technique that enables analysts to combine the internal validity of laboratory experiments with the external validity of probability sampling. Taking full advantage of these research methods, the authors offer highly nuanced analyses of subjects ranging from the sources of racial stereotypes to the racial policy preferences of Democrats and Republicans to the reasons for resistance to affirmative action. Their findings indicate that while crude and explicit forms of racial prejudice may have declined in recent decades, racial stereotypes persist among many whites and exert a powerful influence on the ways they view certain public policies.
Author: Joyce Wairimu
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Published: 2018-02-27
Total Pages: 14
ISBN-13: 3668648913
DOWNLOAD EBOOKEssay from the year 2017 in the subject Psychology - Developmental Psychology, , course: bachelor of purchasing and supllies management, language: English, abstract: For this paper, the topic is Jennifer Eberhardt, a social psychologist and professor at the Stanford University, Department of Psychology. The theorist investigates the psychological relationship between race and crime. The stereotype of black Americans as violent and criminals have for the last 60 years been documented by social psychologists. Even currently in the United States, racial issues continue to be fluid and volatile. Jennifer, throughout the development of her theory, was influenced by the historical injustices that are subjected to the black since the era of slavery. To understand the author’s arguments on race, it is important for one to first understand what race is. Most individuals believe that race is what is used to categorize people into different, stable and same groups basing everything on the skin color of a person. Skin tone is used as a categorizing feature. The psychologists, however, suggests that race is not just the characteristics that individuals are born into but in societal and individual levels, a race is a product of different social constructions. Eberhardt in her studies revealed the extent into which racial imagery and judgments take root into our culture and society and they normally shape the outcomes and actions of the criminal justice system. As a young child, the theorist has been interested in social inequality and perception and when she was a junior high school student, she lived in a populated neighborhood that consisted of the black people and another that was populated by the Jewish people. Between the two neighborhoods, Jennifer explains, it was a bike ride from one to another but the two world were totally different in terms of culture and resources thus the author developed an interest in race and face perception.
Author: Nina M. Moore
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2015-01-26
Total Pages: 405
ISBN-13: 1107022975
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book examines the role of the public and policy makers in enabling the race problem in the American criminal justice system.
Author: James D. Unnever
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2011-03-01
Total Pages: 256
ISBN-13: 1136809201
DOWNLOAD EBOOKA little more than a century ago, the famous social scientist W.E.B. Du Bois asserted that a true understanding of African American offending must be grounded in the "real conditions" of what it means to be black living in a racial stratified society. Today and according to official statistics, African American men – about six percent of the population of the United States – account for nearly sixty percent of the robbery arrests in the United States. To the authors of this book, this and many other glaring racial disparities in offending centered on African Americans is clearly related to their unique history and to their past and present racial subordination. Inexplicably, however, no criminological theory exists that fully articulates the nuances of the African American experience and how they relate to their offending. In readable fashion for undergraduate students, the general public, and criminologists alike, this book for the first time presents the foundations for the development of an African American theory of offending.
Author: Graham Richards
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2003-09-02
Total Pages: 393
ISBN-13: 1134853769
DOWNLOAD EBOOKTopics with racial implications have been hotly debated in the psychological literature for most of this century and are often in the news. Graham Richards takes a historical look at how the concepts of "race" and "racism" emerged within the discipline and charts the underlying premises of some famous studies in their social and political contexts. No-one is allowed to be objective in this arena, as opponents will always argue that they are not. This account is bound therefore to be controversial and excite interest whether or not readers agree with Richards' stance.
Author: James W. Clarke
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2018-01-16
Total Pages: 516
ISBN-13: 1351303589
DOWNLOAD EBOOKViolence has marked relations between blacks and whites in America for nearly four hundred years. In The Lineaments of Wrath, James W. Clarke draws upon behavioral science theory and primary historical evidence to examine and explain its causes and enduring consequences. Beginning with slavery and concluding with the present, Clarke describes how the combined effects of state-sanctioned mob violence and the discriminatory administration of "race-blind" criminal and contract labor laws terrorized and immobilized the black population in the post-emancipation South. In this fashion an agricultural system, based on debt peonage and convict labor, quickly replaced slavery and remained the back-bone of the region's economy well into the twentieth century. Quoting the actual words of victims and witnesses from former slaves to "gangsta" rappers Clarke documents the erosion of black confidence in American criminal justice. In so doing, he also traces the evolution, across many generations, of a black subculture of violence, in which disputes are settled personally, and without recourse to the legal system. That subculture, the author concludes, accounts for historically high rates of black-on-black violence which now threatens to destroy the black inner city from within. The Lineaments of Wrath puts America's race issues into a completely original historical perspective. Those in the fields of political science, sociology, history, psychology, public policy, race relations, and law will find Clarke's work of profound importance.
