The History and Preservation of Chemical Instrumentation
The History and Preservation of Chemical Instrumentation

Author: John T. Stock

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 272

ISBN-13: 9400946902

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The development of chemistry, like that of the other fields of science and technology, has depended greatly upon the availability of instruments. Accordingly, the study of the history of instrumentation is a major area in any survey of the progress in this science. Recognizing this fact, the Division of the History of Chemistry of the American Chemical Society organized and held a very successful symposium on the history of chemical instrumentation during the Washington, D.C. National Meeting in 1979. Re~arks, both formal and informal, made during this symposium stressed points that soon become obvious to anyone who looks at the ancestry of present-day instruments . In some cases, the total history is measured in years, rather than in centuries . Chemical instrumentation, by no means confined to the laboratory, is vital in industry. There is a natural tendency to discard an item of any kind when a newer version is acquired. Often, "to discard" means "to scrap". If the item scrapped is an instrument that is unique - sometimes the last of its kind - we have a permanent artefactual gap in the history of science.

Instruments and Experimentation in the History of Chemistry
Instruments and Experimentation in the History of Chemistry

Author: Frederic Lawrence Holmes

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2000

Total Pages: 454

ISBN-13: 9780262082822

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This volume moves chemical instruments and experiments into the foreground of historical concern, in line with the emphasis on practice that characterizes current work on other fields of science and engineering.

Chemical History
Chemical History

Author: Gerrylyn K Roberts

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry

Published: 2007-10-31

Total Pages: 261

ISBN-13: 1847552633

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This book provides an historical overview of the recent developments in the history of diverse fields within chemistry. It follows on from Recent Developments in the History of Chemistry, a volume published in 1985. Covering chiefly the last 20 years, the primary aim of Chemical History: Reviews of the Recent Literature is to familiarise newcomers to the history of chemistry with some of the more important developments in the field. Starting with a general introduction and look at the early history of chemistry, subsequent chapters go on to investigate the traditional areas of chemistry (physical, organic, inorganic) alongside analytical chemistry, physical organic chemistry, medical chemistry and biochemistry, and instruments and apparatus. Topics such as industrial chemistry and chemistry in national contexts, whilst not featuring as separate chapters, are woven throughout the content. Each chapter is written by experts and is extensively referenced to the international chemical literature. Chemical History: Reviews of the Recent Literature is also ideal for chemists who wish to become familiar with historical aspects of their work. In addition, it will appeal to a wider audience interested in the history of chemistry, as it draws together historical materials that are widely scattered throughout the chemical literature.

Chemical Analysis
Chemical Analysis

Author: Francis Rouessac

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2013-05-06

Total Pages: 494

ISBN-13: 1118681878

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Completely revised and updated, Chemical Analysis: Second Edition is an essential introduction to a wide range of analytical techniques and instruments. Assuming little in the way of prior knowledge, this text carefully guides the reader through the more widely used and important techniques, whilst avoiding excessive technical detail. Provides a thorough introduction to a wide range of the most important and widely used instrumental techniques Maintains a careful balance between depth and breadth of coverage Includes examples, problems and their solutions Includes coverage of latest developments including supercritical fluid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis

Chemical Sciences in the 20th Century
Chemical Sciences in the 20th Century

Author: Carsten Reinhardt

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2008-09-26

Total Pages: 297

ISBN-13: 3527612742

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Chemistry in the last century was characterized by spectacular growth and advances, stimulated by revolutionary theories and experimental breakthroughs. Yet, despite this rapid development, the history of this scientific discipline has achieved only recently the status necessary to understand the effects of chemistry on the scientific and technological culture of the modern world. This book addresses the bridging of boundaries between chemistry and the other "classical" disciplines of science, physics and biology as well as the connections of chemistry to mathematics and technology. Chemical research is represented as an interconnected patchwork of scientific specialties, and this is shown by a mixture of case studies and broader overviews on the history of organic chemistry, theoretical chemistry, nuclear- and cosmochemistry, solid state chemistry, and biotechnology. All of these fields were at the center of the development of twentieth century chemistry, and the authors cover crucial topics such as the emergence of new subdisciplines and research fields, the science-technology relationship, and national styles of scientific work. This monograph represents a unique treasure trove for general historians and historians of science, while also appealing to those interested in the theoretical background and development of modern chemistry.

Chemical Sciences in the Modern World
Chemical Sciences in the Modern World

Author: Seymour H. Mauskopf

Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press

Published: 2016-11-11

Total Pages: 440

ISBN-13: 151280441X

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It would be difficult to overestimate the importance of the chemical sciences to the modern world. In the last 150 years, they have transformed our physical environment, our material culture, our manner of living, and even our persons—and they are continuing to do so in profound ways. Yet the detailed and systematic study of the history of the modern chemical sciences has been relatively late in coming. This compilation of essays by leading scholars represents the first fruits of modern historical scholarship. The essays vary in form and content: some represent detailed, original research; others are cast as synoptic blueprints for future research in major domains of scholarship; still others are provocative reflections on the opportunities and challenges facing historians of chemical sciences and industries and their audiences. The essays in Part One deal with the experimental generation of new chemical knowledge, the nature of theories about chemical knowledge, and the reception of new knowledge by the chemical community. Part Two is devoted primarily to the development of modern industrial chemistry. Part Three is concerned with preserving archives and artifacts owned by public and private institutions, with making the history of chemistry accessible to persons interested but not trained in history, and with helping both policymakers and the general public to understand the policy issues involving the chemical sciences and industries trough the insights provided by historical research. Part Four, the concluding section, discusses future prospects for the history f the chemical sciences, addressing questions about methodology, audience, and new directions for research.

Inspiring air: A history of air-related science
Inspiring air: A history of air-related science

Author: Pere Grapí

Publisher: Vernon Press

Published: 2019-07-15

Total Pages: 383

ISBN-13: 1622736141

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Eudiometers were instruments originally devised for checking the ‘goodness’ of common air. Seeking to be more than just a chronological inventory of eudiometers, this book presents a unique retrospective of these fascinating apparatuses from the end of the eighteenth century to the mid-nineteenth century. By paying particular attention to the experimental procedures involved over the course of the test, this book aims to understand and explore how eudiometers function, to describe the materials used in making them and the different reagents employed in each eudiometrical test. Importantly, eudiometers were employed within a variety of spheres including human and animal health, gas analysis, chemical theory, plant and animal physiology, atmospheric composition, chemical compound composition, gas lighting, chemical revolution and experimental demonstration. Finally, this book looks to redress the existing imbalance in the history of chemistry regarding the attention given to theoretical aspects of chemistry in comparison to chemical practice and apparatus. The few existing accounts of chemical devices written in the past century have not been sufficiently helpful for the understanding of experimental practice in chemistry. Until now no work that deals exclusively with eudiometers and gas analysis from a historical standpoint has been published. Thus, this book will not only cast new light on the subject, but will also contribute to further research on the history of chemical instruments.

Reader's Guide to the History of Science
Reader's Guide to the History of Science

Author: Arne Hessenbruch

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2013-12-16

Total Pages: 965

ISBN-13: 1134262949

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The Reader's Guide to the History of Science looks at the literature of science in some 550 entries on individuals (Einstein), institutions and disciplines (Mathematics), general themes (Romantic Science) and central concepts (Paradigm and Fact). The history of science is construed widely to include the history of medicine and technology as is reflected in the range of disciplines from which the international team of 200 contributors are drawn.

New Generation Green Solvents for Separation and Preconcentration of Organic and Inorganic Species
New Generation Green Solvents for Separation and Preconcentration of Organic and Inorganic Species

Author: Mustafa Soylak

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2020-04-07

Total Pages: 482

ISBN-13: 0128185708

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New Generation Green Solvents for Separation and Preconcentration of Organic and Inorganic Species is designed to help researchers and students understand the production and application of new generation green solvents in separation- and preconcentration-based analytical methods. Beginning with the historical background and milestones in the development of analytical instrumentation, the book goes on to give a detailed overview of the most up-to-date uses of green solvents in sample preparation. Using a wealth of examples, it compares old and new extraction procedures and explores the many applications of new generation green solvents. Practical, easy-to-follow experiments are used to illustrate the key concepts. This practical guide helps to promote the use of safer, more sustainable solvents in analytical chemistry and beyond for environmental scientists, researchers in pharmaceutical and biotech industries, and students in analytical chemistry. - Covers the basic analytical theory essential for understanding extraction- and microextraction-based separation and preconcentration methods - Explains combination use of new generation solvents with various detection systems, including UV-VIS, ICP-MS, HPLC, LC-MS, GC-MS, and LC-MS/MS - Emphasizes trace chemical component separation, preconcentration and analysis

Introduction to Soil Chemistry
Introduction to Soil Chemistry

Author: Alfred R. Conklin

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2005-08-08

Total Pages: 241

ISBN-13: 0471728217

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A guide to soil analysis for chemists and environmental scientists Soil-so essential to life on earth-is one of the most complicated of materials. A complex mixture of inorganic and organic solids, liquids, and gases, soil presents a challenging material for analysis, especially for researchers who are not specialists in soil chemistry. This clear, broadly applicable reference provides chemists and environmental scientists with the background they need to analyze soil, interpret their findings, and develop new analytical methods for soil. Introduction to Soil Chemistry will also be valuable to the soil scientist confronting soil analyses that appear to be incorrect or do not work. Introduction to Soil Chemistry: Analysis and Instrumentation investigates the most important soil characteristics that impact analysis and the procedures, chemicals, and equipment used to determine the composition and quantity of soil constituents. It also discusses factors that interfere with accurate soil analysis. Chapters examine such topics as: * Large features-horizons, peds, soil color, and soil naming * Microscopic to atomic orbital description of soil chemical characteristics * Soil components in combination * The biological and organic components in soil * The soil solution and soil air * Electrical measurements, titration, and extraction * Spectroscopy and chromatography * Speciation This book is enhanced by numerous examples within the text, which provide the reader with a practical understanding of various analytical procedures, along with the pitfalls and interferences that may be encountered. Bibliographies and additional resources appear at the end of each chapter.