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The Battle of the Bellicourt Tunnel

Author: Dale Blair

Publisher: Frontline Books

Published: 2011-04-21

Total Pages: 209

ISBN-13: 1848325878

In November 1918 the BEF under Field Marshal Haig fought a series of victorious battles on the Western Front that contributed mightily to the German armys defeat. They did so as part of a coalition and the role of Australian diggers and US doughboys is often forgotten. The Bellicourt Tunnel attack, fought in the fading autumn light, was very much an inter-Allied affair and marked a unique moment in the Allied armies endeavours. It was the first time that such a large cohort of Americans had fought in a British army. Additionally, untried American II Corps and experienced Australian Corps were to spearhead the attack under the command of Lieutenant General Sir John Monash with British divisions adopting supporting roles on the flanks. Blair forensically details the fighting and the largely forgotten desperate German defence. Although celebrated as a marvellous feat of breaking the Hindenburg Line, the American attack failed generally to achieve its set objectives and it took the Australians three days of bitter fighting to reach theirs. Blair rejects the conventional explanation of the US mop up failure and points the finger of blame at Rawlinson, Haig and Monash for expecting too much of the raw US troops, singling out the Australian Corps commander for particular criticism. Overall, Blair judges the fighting g a draw. At the end, like two boxers, the Australian-American force was gasping for breath and the Germans, badly battered, back-pedalling to remain on balance. Overall the day was calamitous for the German army, even if the clean break-through that Haig had hoped for did not occur. Forced out of the Hindenburg Line, the prognosis for the German army on the Western Front and hence Imperial Germany itself was bleak indeed.

The Hindenburg Line Campaign 1918

Author: Adam Rankin

Publisher:

Published: 2019-04-05

Total Pages:

ISBN-13: 9781922265036

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In the last devastating months of the First World War, the British Fourth Army pursued the Germans to their final defensive position the Hindenburg Line, a formidable series of defensive positions studded with concrete dugouts and thickly set barbed wire.

The Hindenburg Line

Author: Patrick R. Osborn

Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing

Published: 2016-10-20

Total Pages: 68

ISBN-13: 1472814819

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Jagging across north-western Europe like an ugly scar, the Hindenburg Line was Germany's most formidable line of defence in World War I. Its fearsome reputation was matched only by its cunning design, with deep zigzagging trenches, concrete fieldworks, barbed wire and devilish booby traps forming an intimidating barrier for any attacking army. Through meticulous research, this volume explores each of the major portions of the Hindenburg Line, paying particular attention to three examples of Allied operations against it towards the end of the war: the critical flanking of the Drocourt-Qeant Switch; the daring but costly rupture of the line of the St Quentin Canal; and the bloody battles of the Meuse-Argonne. Specially commissioned artwork and historical photographs perfectly complement the analysis provided by the authors as they trace the life of the Hindenburg Line from its seemingly invulnerable early years through to the audacious tactics used by the Allies to achieve a bitter victory in 1918.

Breaking the Hindenburg Line

Author: Major R. E. Priestley

Publisher: Andrews UK Limited

Published: 2012-04-12

Total Pages: 211

ISBN-13: 1781507392

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At an hour and date to be notified later, the 46th Division, as part of a major operation, will cross the St. Quentin Canal, capture the Hindenburg Line, and advance to a position shown on the attached map A. This was the opening paragraph of the preliminary operation order which was to lead to one of the most outstanding feats of arms of the Great War, and that is where this story begins. It takes us through the planning, the opposed crossing and the subsequent divisional operations up to the armistice. How formidable the task was can be gauged from the photos of the canal; the bed was about 35 feet wide and it was like the ditch of a fortress. The approaches to the canal on the west side were covered by a continuous line of trenches, sited on a slight rise, with frequent strongpoints housing machine-guns, protected by a broad belt of barbed wire. Under the cover of a favourable mist and one of the finest barrages ever seen (fired without registration) the 46th Division stormed the enemy forward positions with few casualties and pushed on to make the crossing. The Riqueval bridge was still intact and it was secured by a party of N Staffs and sappers who rushed it, killing all the demolition party, who had been sheltering from the barrage, before they could reach it. The bridge still stands today, just as it was when captured. This is an absorbing account of an operation that went literally according to plan and from there the division went from one success to another as the story unfolds. The earlier history of the division is only briefly covered in an introductory chapter. It was the first complete TF division to arrive on the Western Front, in February 1915. Its first major battle was an attack on the Hohenzollern Redoubt at the end of the Loos offensive in which it suffered over 3,800 casualties in two days. Its attack on Gommecourt on 1st July 1916 was a failure that cost some 2,500 casualties; it also cost the divisional commander (Montagu-Stuart-Wortley). his job It wasn't until the last few weeks of the war that the 46th Division really made its mark. In that time it encountered and defeated sixteen German divisions at a cost of 4,200 casualties. Total casualties throughout the war amounted to 29,569 and six VCs were won. The divisional sign was a rectangle surrounded by a white edge; the top half of the rectangle was scarlet and the lower half rifle green, the colours of the KRRC, the first GOC's regiment.

World War I Battlefield Artillery Tactics

Author: Dale Clarke

Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing

Published: 2014-12-20

Total Pages: 66

ISBN-13: 1782005919

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As the First World War bogged down across Europe resulting in the establishment of trench systems, artillery began to grow in military importance. Never before had the use of artillery been so vital, and to this day the ferocity, duration and widespread use of artillery across the trenches of Europe has never been replicated. Featuring specially commissioned full-colour artwork, this groundbreaking study explains and illustrates the enormous advances in the use of artillery that took place between 1914 and 1918, the central part artillery played in World War I and how it was used throughout the war, with particular emphasis on the Western Front.

Borrowed Soldiers

Author: Mitchell A. Yockelson

Publisher: University of Oklahoma Press

Published: 2016-01-18

Total Pages: 370

ISBN-13: 0806155604

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The combined British Expeditionary Force and American II Corps successfully pierced the Hindenburg Line during the Hundred Days Campaign of World War I, an offensive that hastened the war’s end. Yet despite the importance of this effort, the training and operation of II Corps has received scant attention from historians. Mitchell A. Yockelson delivers a comprehensive study of the first time American and British soldiers fought together as a coalition force—more than twenty years before D-Day. He follows the two divisions that constituted II Corps, the 27th and 30th, from the training camps of South Carolina to the bloody battlefields of Europe. Despite cultural differences, General Pershing’s misgivings, and the contrast between American eagerness and British exhaustion, the untested Yanks benefited from the experience of battle-toughened Tommies. Their combined forces contributed much to the Allied victory. Yockelson plumbs new archival sources, including letters and diaries of American, Australian, and British soldiers to examine how two forces of differing organization and attitude merged command relationships and operations. Emphasizing tactical cooperation and training, he details II Corps’ performance in Flanders during the Ypres-Lys offensive, the assault on the Hindenburg Line, and the decisive battle of the Selle. Featuring thirty-nine evocative photographs and nine maps, this account shows how the British and American military relationship evolved both strategically and politically. A case study of coalition warfare, Borrowed Soldiers adds significantly to our understanding of the Great War.

How America Won World War I

Author: Alan Axelrod

Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield

Published: 2018-09-01

Total Pages: 345

ISBN-13: 1493031937

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Immediately after the armistice was signed in November, 1918, an American journalist asked Paul von Hindenburg who won the war against Germany. He was the chief of the German General Staff, co-architect with Erich Ludendorff of Germany’s Eastern Front victories and its nearly war-winning Western Front offensives, and he did not hesitate in his answer. “The American infantry,” he said. He made it even more specific, telling the reporter that the final death blow for Germany was delivered by “the American infantry in the Argonne.” The British and the French often denigrated the American contribution to the war, but they had begged for US entry into the conflict, and their stake in America’s victory was, if anything, even greater than that of the United States itself. But How America Won WWI will not litigate the points of view of Britain and France. The book will accepts as gospel the assessment of the top German leader whose job it had been to oppose the Americans directly - that the American infantry won the war - and this book will tell how the American infantry did it.

The Hindenburg Line 1918

Author: Alistair McCluskey

Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing

Published: 2017-10-19

Total Pages: 97

ISBN-13: 1472820320

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From 26 September until 8 October 1918, the Allied armies in France launched their largest ever combined offensive on the Western Front of World War I. The British, French, American and Belgian armies launched four attacks in rapid succession across a 250km front between the Argonne and Flanders. At the centre of this huge assault the British, First, Third and Fourth Armies, led by Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, breached the formidable Hindenburg Line defences and drove the Kairser's Army from its last fully prepared defensive position west of the German border. The impact of this defeat had a shattering effect on the Germans with their army admitting for the first time that an armistice was required to save it from annihilation. Although these decisive results were to a large extent consequences of the battle of the Hindenburg Line, the subsequent controversies over the conduct of the war meant that it went unheralded and has remained Haig's forgotten triumph.