In March 2001, the government of Eritrea launched a process to prepare a long-term health sector policy and strategic plan (HSPSP), with a focus on assuring equitable, quality, and sustainable health care. This publication sets out the World Bank's review of the Eritrean health sector, as the first part of a three-step process to develop the HSPSP. The study forms the preliminary basis for further rounds of discussion among stakeholders, and incorporates comments received from the Ministry of Health's central agencies, Zoba (regional) health teams and external partners working in Eritrea.
Analyzes data from the Living Standards Measurement Surveys (1985-86) of Peru and Cote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast in west Africa), and finds that charging money for medical care reduces the demand, particularly for children and the poor. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
As a low-income country, Ethiopia has made impressive progress in improving health outcomes. This report examines how Ethiopia s Health Extension Program (HEP) has contributed to the country s move toward Univeral Health Coverage (UHC), and to shed light on how other countries may learn from Ethiopia s experiences of HEP when designing their own path to UHC. HEP is one of the government s UHC strategies introduced in a context of limited resources and low coverage of essential health services. The key aspects of the program include the capacity building and mobilization of more than 30, 000 Health Extension Workers (HEWs) targeting more than 12 million model families, and the mobilization of health development army ? to support the community-based health system. Using the HEP-UHC conceptual model and data from Demographic and Health Surveys, the study examines how the HEP has contributed to the country s move toward UHC. During the period that the HEP has been implemented, the country has experienced significant improvements in many dimensions: in terms of socioeconomic, psychological, behavioral, and biological dimensions of the beneficiaries; and in terms of the coverage of health care services. The study finds an accelerated rate of improvements among the rural, less-educated, and the poor population, which is leading to an overall reduction in equity gaps and improvements in the equity indicators including the concentration indices - that suggest a more equitable distribution of resources and health outcomes. The HEP in Ethiopia has demonstrated that an institutionalized community approach is effective in helping a country make progress toward UHC. The elements of success in the HEP include the emphasis on community mobilization which identifies community priorities, engages and empowers community members, and supports their ability to solve local problems. The other aspect of HEP is the emphasis on institutionalization of the activities, which addresses the sustainability of community programs through high level of political commitment, and effective coordination of national policies and leveraging of support from partners. These findings may offer useful lessons for other low income countries facing similar challenges in developing and implementing a sustainable UHC strategy.
This work traces the Eritrean response to,Ethiopian occupation of their land and the origins,of the war. The book provides a survey of Eritrean,history, with a special inside look at the,military and other developments in the last two,decades. Completely updated and revised to provide,readers with an insight into developments in the,last five years.
Eritrea is a northeast African country shares its borders with Sudan to the west, Ethiopia to the south, and Djibouti to the southeast. It also has a coastline along the Red Sea. The country has a population of over 5 million and its capital is Asmara. The official language of Eritrea is Tigrinya, but Arabic and English are also widely spoken. The country is known for its history of colonization and struggle for independence, as well as its diverse ethnic groups and unique culture. Eritrea has a developing economy, with agriculture and mining being the main sectors. Its government is a presidential republic with a single-party system. Eritrea has a long and complex history, with colonization beginning with Italy in the late 1800s. The country was later occupied by Britain after World War II and then annexed by Ethiopia in 1962. Eritrea gained its independence in 1993 after a 30-year war for independence from Ethiopia. Since then, the country has faced various challenges, including ongoing border disputes with Ethiopia and criticism for its lack of political freedoms and human rights abuses. However, the country has also made progress in areas such as healthcare and education. Despite economic and political challenges, Eritrea remains a resilient and culturally diverse nation.
Its journey to independence, etched in the annals of the 20th century, reflects the aspirations of a people who dared to dream of sovereignty and freedom. This exploration begins by tracing the roots of Eritrea's identity, delving into the historical echoes that resonated with calls for...
The first edition of the Encyclopedia of Cancer and Society was published in 2007 and received a 2008 Editors’ Choice Award from Booklist. It served as a general, non-technical resource focusing on cancer from the perspective of the social and behavioral sciences, exploring social and economic impacts, the “business” of cancer, advertising of drugs and treatment centers, how behavior change could offer great potential for cancer prevention, environmental risks, food additives and regulation, the relation between race and ethnicity and cancer risk, socioeconomic status, controversies—both scientific and political—in cancer treatment and research, country-by-country entries on cancer around the world, and more. Given various developments in the field including new drug treatments, political controversies over use of the vaccines Gardasil and Cervarix with young girls to prevent cervical cancer, and unexpected upticks in the prevalence of adult smoking within the U.S. following decades of decline, the SAGE Encyclopedia of Cancer and Society, Second Edition serves as an updated and more current encyclopedia that addresses concerns pertaining to this topic. Key Features: · Approximately half of the 700 first-edition articles revised and updated · 30+ new entries covering new developments since 2006 · Signed entries with cross-references · Further Readings accompanied by pedagogical elements · New Reader’s Guide · Updated Chronology, Resource Guide, Glossary, and through new Index The SAGE Encyclopedia of Cancer and Society, Second Edition serves as a reliable and precise source for students and researchers with an interest in social and behavioral sciences and seeks to better understand the continuously evolving subject matter of cancer and society.
This book focuses on Africa’s challenges, achievements, and failures over the past several centuries using an interdisciplinary approach that combines theory and fact and evidence-based practices and interventions in public health, and argues that most of the health problems in Africa are not a result of scarce or lack of resources, but of the misconceived and misplaced priorities that have left the continent behind every other on the globe in terms of health, education, and equitable distribution of opportunities and access to (quality) health as agreed by the United Nations member states at Alma-Ata in 1978.
