The Guide to Community Preventive Services
The Guide to Community Preventive Services

Author: Task Force on Community Preventive Services

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2005-02-17

Total Pages: 543

ISBN-13: 0199759782

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The gold standard for evidence-based public health, The Guide to Community Preventive Services is a primary resource to improve health and prevent disease in states, communities, independent, nonfederal Task Force on Community Preventive Services, The Guide uses comprehensive systemic review methods to evaluate population-oriented health interventions. The recommendations of the Task Force are explicitly linked to the scientific evidence developed during systematic reviews. This volume examines the effectiveness and efficiency of interventions to combat such risky behaviors as tobacco use, physical inactivity, and violence; to reduce the impact and suffering of specific conditions such as cancer, diabetes, vaccine-preventable diseases, and motor vehicle injuries; and to address social determinants oh health such as education, housing, and access to care. The chapters are grouped into three broad categories: changing risk behaviors; reducing specific diseases, injuries, and impairments; and methodological background for the book itself.

A Guide to Conducting Prevention Research in the Community
A Guide to Conducting Prevention Research in the Community

Author: James G Kelly

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2014-02-04

Total Pages: 194

ISBN-13: 1317736214

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This provocative and useful volume is a step-by-step guide to assist professionals in implementing valid and useful community research and creating preventive interventions that have positive and lasting effects on the development of the community. The authors--including James G. Kelly, one of the fathers of prevention--offer valuable suggestions for developing community processes to assist the prevention researcher and the community in designing research that is embedded in the community. Experts focus on the topics that can help establish and sustain effective long-term working relationships with community members. Numerous examples illustrate how the collaborative working relationship can create the variety of resources that are needed to eventually implement policy changes stimulated by the research and help to sustain the impact of the research findings after the research has been completed.This exciting book illustrates how community research related to the prevention of mental illness and the promotion of mental health can be scientific and objective, as well as a positive collaboration between the research staff and community members. Focus upon community needs Emphasize educational activities to support the prevention research Identify points of policy impact before the research begins Enhance the development of social networks and social support systems for the development of competencies Provide criteria for the selection of systemic variables for the research Include reference to the multiple levels of a community which may affect the research topic Specify ways in which participants can identify and own the research topic Outline criteria for assessing the side effects of the prevention research In order to better understand the needs, values, commitments, and resources of the community in which he or she is working, the researcher is encouraged to select research topics derived from underlying community needs, educated the public about prevention, identify points of policy impact, and determine the informal social networks that enhance the development of social competencies in the community. The benefits of the collaborative relationship between prevention researchers and the community are strongly emphasized. A Guide to Conducting Prevention Research in the Community aims to guide citizens and professionals in implementing valid and useful community research and create preventive interventions that have positive and lasting effects on the development of the community.

An Integrated Framework for Assessing the Value of Community-Based Prevention
An Integrated Framework for Assessing the Value of Community-Based Prevention

Author: Institute of Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2012-11-29

Total Pages: 181

ISBN-13: 0309263573

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During the past century the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States have shifted from those related to communicable diseases to those due to chronic diseases. Just as the major causes of morbidity and mortality have changed, so too has the understanding of health and what makes people healthy or ill. Research has documented the importance of the social determinants of health (for example, socioeconomic status and education) that affect health directly as well as through their impact on other health determinants such as risk factors. Targeting interventions toward the conditions associated with today's challenges to living a healthy life requires an increased emphasis on the factors that affect the current cause of morbidity and mortality, factors such as the social determinants of health. Many community-based prevention interventions target such conditions. Community-based prevention interventions offer three distinct strengths. First, because the intervention is implemented population-wide it is inclusive and not dependent on access to a health care system. Second, by directing strategies at an entire population an intervention can reach individuals at all levels of risk. And finally, some lifestyle and behavioral risk factors are shaped by conditions not under an individual's control. For example, encouraging an individual to eat healthy food when none is accessible undermines the potential for successful behavioral change. Community-based prevention interventions can be designed to affect environmental and social conditions that are out of the reach of clinical services. Four foundations - the California Endowment, the de Beaumont Foundation, the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation - asked the Institute of Medicine to convene an expert committee to develop a framework for assessing the value of community-based, non-clinical prevention policies and wellness strategies, especially those targeting the prevention of long-term, chronic diseases. The charge to the committee was to define community-based, non-clinical prevention policy and wellness strategies; define the value for community-based, non-clinical prevention policies and wellness strategies; and analyze current frameworks used to assess the value of community-based, non-clinical prevention policies and wellness strategies, including the methodologies and measures used and the short- and long-term impacts of such prevention policy and wellness strategies on health care spending and public health. An Integrated Framework for Assessing the Value of Community-Based Prevention summarizes the committee's findings.

Communities in Action
Communities in Action

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2017-04-27

Total Pages: 583

ISBN-13: 0309452961

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In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

National Prevention Strategy: America’s Plan for Better Health and Wellness
National Prevention Strategy: America’s Plan for Better Health and Wellness

Author: Regina M. Benjamin

Publisher: DIANE Publishing

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 125

ISBN-13: 1437987621

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The Affordable Care Act, landmark health legislation passed in 2010, called for the development of the National Prevention Strategy to realize the benefits of prevention for all Americans¿ health. This Strategy builds on the law¿s efforts to lower health care costs, improve the quality of care, and provide coverage options for the uninsured. Contents: Nat. Leadership; Partners in Prevention; Healthy and Safe Community Environ.; Clinical and Community Preventive Services; Elimination of Health Disparities; Priorities: Tobacco Free Living; Preventing Drug Abuse and Excessive Alcohol Use; Healthy Eating; Active Living; Injury and Violence Free Living; Reproductive and Sexual Health; Mental and Emotional Well-being. Illus. A print on demand report.

Evidence-Based Public Health
Evidence-Based Public Health

Author: Ross C. Brownson

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2010-12-03

Total Pages: 312

ISBN-13: 0199826528

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There are at least three ways in which a public health program or policy may not reach stated goals for success: 1) Choosing an intervention approach whose effectiveness is not established in the scientific literature; 2) Selecting a potentially effective program or policy yet achieving only weak, incomplete implementation or "reach," thereby failing to attain objectives; 3) Conducting an inadequate or incorrect evaluation that results in a lack of generalizable knowledge on the effectiveness of a program or policy; and 4) Paying inadequate attention to adapting an intervention to the population and context of interest To enhance evidence-based practice, this book addresses all four possibilities and attempts to provide practical guidance on how to choose, carry out, and evaluate evidence-based programs and policies in public health settings. It also begins to address a fifth, overarching need for a highly trained public health workforce. This book deals not only with finding and using scientific evidence, but also with implementation and evaluation of interventions that generate new evidence on effectiveness. Because all these topics are broad and require multi-disciplinary skills and perspectives, each chapter covers the basic issues and provides multiple examples to illustrate important concepts. In addition, each chapter provides links to the diverse literature and selected websites for readers wanting more detailed information. An indispensable volume for professionals, students, and researchers in the public health sciences and preventative medicine, this new and updated edition of Evidence-Based Public Health aims to bridge research and evidence with policies and the practice of public health.

A Systematic Review of Public Water Fluoridation
A Systematic Review of Public Water Fluoridation

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2000

Total Pages: 243

ISBN-13: 9781900640169

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The aim of this systematic review has been to assess the evidence on the positive and negative effects of population wide drinking water fluoridation strategies to prevent caries. 214 studies met full inclusion criteria for one or more of the objectives. The best available evidence suggests that fluoridation of drinking water supplies does reduce caries prevalence. This review presents a summary of the best available and most reliable evidence on the safety and efficacy of water fluoridation. Given the level of interest surrounding the issue of public water fluoridation, it is surprising to find that little high quality research has been undertaken. As such, this review should provide both researchers and commissioners of research with an overview of the methodological limitations of previous search conducted in this area. The evidence of a benefit of a reduction in caries should be considered together with the increased prevalence of dental fluorosis. The research evidence is of insufficient quality to allow confident statements about other potential harms or whether there is an impact on social inequalities.

Improving Health in the Community
Improving Health in the Community

Author: Institute of Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1997-05-21

Total Pages: 497

ISBN-13: 0309055342

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How do communities protect and improve the health of their populations? Health care is part of the answer but so are environmental protections, social and educational services, adequate nutrition, and a host of other activities. With concern over funding constraints, making sure such activities are efficient and effective is becoming a high priority. Improving Health in the Community explains how population-based performance monitoring programs can help communities point their efforts in the right direction. Within a broad definition of community health, the committee addresses factors surrounding the implementation of performance monitoring and explores the "why" and "how to" of establishing mechanisms to monitor the performance of those who can influence community health. The book offers a policy framework, applies a multidimensional model of the determinants of health, and provides sets of prototype performance indicators for specific health issues. Improving Health in the Community presents an attainable vision of a process that can achieve community-wide health benefits.

Comprehensive Cervical Cancer Control
Comprehensive Cervical Cancer Control

Author: World Health Organization

Publisher: World Health Organization

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 284

ISBN-13: 9241547006

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Most women who die from cervical cancer, particularly in developing countries, are in the prime of their life. They may be raising children, caring for their family, and contributing to the social and economic life of their town or village. Their death is both a personal tragedy, and a sad and unnecessary loss to their family and their community. Unnecessary, because there is compelling evidence, as this Guide makes clear, that cervical cancer is one of the most preventable and treatable forms of cancer, as long as it is detected early and managed effectively. Unfortunately, the majority of women in developing countries still do not have access to cervical cancer prevention programmes. The consequence is that, often, cervical cancer is not detected until it is too late to be cured. An urgent effort is required if this situation is to be corrected. This Guide is intended to help those responsible for providing services aimed at reducing the burden posed by cervical cancer for women, communities and health systems. It focuses on the knowledge and skills needed by health care providers, at different levels of care.