This book has been considered by academicians and scholars of great significance and value to literature. This forms a part of the knowledge base for future generations. So that the book is never forgotten we have represented this book in a print format as the same form as it was originally first published. Hence any marks or annotations seen are left intentionally to preserve its true nature.
Dionysius of Halicarnassus has long been regarded as a rather mediocre critic. This book rehabilitates the Greek rhetorician by demonstrating the creative ways in which he integrated theories from different linguistic disciplines into a coherent programme of rhetoric.
Texts written in Latin, Greek and other languages provide ancient historians with their primary evidence, but the role of language as a source for understanding the ancient world is often overlooked. Language played a key role in state-formation and the spread of Christianity, the construction of ethnicity, and negotiating positions of social status and group membership. Language could reinforce social norms and shed light on taboos. This book presents an accessible account of ways in which linguistic evidence can illuminate topics such as imperialism, ethnicity, social mobility, religion, gender and sexuality in the ancient world, without assuming the reader has any knowledge of Greek or Latin, or of linguistic jargon. It describes the rise of Greek and Latin at the expense of other languages spoken around the Mediterranean and details the social meanings of different styles, and the attitudes of ancient speakers towards linguistic differences.
Preliminary Material /C. H. M. Versteegh -- THE FIRST CONTACT WITH GREEK GRAMMAR /C. H. M. Versteegh -- ARTICULATED SOUND AND ITS MEANING /C. H. M. Versteegh -- THE THEORY OF GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES /C. H. M. Versteegh -- THE UṢŪL AN-NAḤW AND GREEK EMPIRICIST MEDICINE /C. H. M. Versteegh -- THE PERIOD OF THE TWO SCHOOLS /C. H. M. Versteegh -- THE INFLUENCE OF GREEK LOGIC /C. H. M. Versteegh -- THE USE OF LOGIC IN GRAMMAR /C. H. M. Versteegh -- THE MU'TAZILA /C. H. M. Versteegh -- THE ORIGIN OF SPEECH /C. H. M. Versteegh -- THE STOIC COMPONENT IN THE THEORY OF MEANING /C. H. M. Versteegh -- DIAGRAM OF THE MOST IMPORTANT ARABIC GRAMMARIANS /C. H. M. Versteegh -- LIST OF ABBREVIATED TITLES /C. H. M. Versteegh -- ARABIC AUTHORS QUOTED /C. H. M. Versteegh -- ORIGINALS OF THE ARABIC AND GREEK TEXTS QUOTED IN ENGLISH TRANSLATION /C. H. M. Versteegh -- INDEXES /C. H. M. Versteegh.
Grammatical description and instruction have left their enduring imprint on European scholarship and culture. For more than twenty centuries, grammar has been the cornerstone of humanist education, and has been transmitted continuously, albeit in changing - chronologically, geographically, politically, and institutionally - contexts. The papers in this volume document the transmission, adaptation and re-elaboration of grammar, since Antiquity, by focusing on its foundational concepts and techniques. The vectors of these processes of transmission and adaptation are texts, and behind these texts, we can reconstruct networks of interaction: between teachers and students, between scholars and models of description, and - as the overarching dynamics - the dialogue between the members of the "virtual community" interested in the study of language. The seventeen papers of this volume have been arranged into six sections: "Grammar: The Fate of a Cultural Discipline"; "The Origins of Linguistic Reflection in Ancient Greece"; "Ancient Greek grammar: Theorization and Practice"; "Latin Grammar in Antiquity and the Low Middle Ages: Heritage and Innovation"; "Renaissance Grammar and Rhetoric: The Encounter between Classical Languages and the Vernaculars"; "Philological Deposits of Ancient Latin Grammars"). The volume is rounded off with detailed indices (Index of names; Index of Greek, Latin, and Latinized technical terms; Index of concepts).
The authoritative guide to using the English language effectively, from “the greatest writer on grammar and usage that this country has ever produced” (David Yerkes, Columbia University). The author of The Chicago Manual of Style’s popular “Grammar and Usage” chapter, Bryan A. Garner is renowned for explaining the vagaries of English with absolute precision and utmost clarity. With The Chicago Guide to Grammar, Usage, and Punctuation, he has written the definitive guide for writers who want their prose to be both memorable and correct. Garner describes standard literary English—the forms that mark writers and speakers as educated users of the language. He also offers historical context for understanding the development of these forms. The section on grammar explains how the canonical parts of speech came to be identified, while the section on syntax covers the nuances of sentence patterns as well as both traditional sentence diagramming and transformational grammar. The usage section provides an unprecedented trove of empirical evidence in the form of Google Ngrams, diagrams that illustrate the changing prevalence of specific terms over decades and even centuries of English literature. Garner also treats punctuation and word formation, and concludes the book with an exhaustive glossary of grammatical terms and a bibliography of suggested further reading and references. The Chicago Guide to Grammar, Usage, and Punctuation is a magisterial work, the culmination of Garner’s lifelong study of the English language. The result is a landmark resource that will offer clear guidelines to students, writers, and editors alike. “[A manual] for those of us laboring to produce expository prose: nonfiction books, journalistic articles, memorandums, business letters. The conservatism of his advice pushes you to consider audience and occasion, so that you will understand when to follow convention and when you can safely break it.”—John E. McIntyre, Baltimore Sun
Renaissance writers habitually drew upon the idioms and images of the schoolroom in their depictions of emotional experience. Memorable instances of this tendency include the representation of love as a schoolroom exercise conducted under the disciplinary gaze of the mistress, melancholy as a process of gradual decline like the declension of the noun, and courtship as a practice in which the participants are arranged like the parts of speech in a sentence. The Grammar Rules of Affection explores this synthesis of the affective and the pedagogical in Renaissance literature, analysing examples from major texts by Philip Sidney, William Shakespeare, and Ben Jonson. Drawing on philosophical approaches to emotion, theories of social practice, and the history of education, this book argues that emotions appear in Renaissance literature as conventional, rule-guided practices rather than internal states. This claim represents a novel intervention in the historical study of emotion, departing from the standard approaches to emotions as either corporeal phenomena or mental states. Combining linguistic philosophy and theory of emotion, The Grammar Rules of Affection works to overcome this dualistic crux by locating emotion in the expressions and practices of everyday life.
Francisco Varo's "Arte de la Lengua Mandarina," completed ca. 1680, is the earliest published grammar of any spoken form of Chinese and the fullest known description of the standard language of the seventeenth century. It establishes beyond doubt that this "Language of the Mandarins" was not Pekingese or Peking-based but had instead a Jiang-Huai or Nankingese-like phonology. It also provides important information about the nature and formation of pre-modern standard forms of Chinese and will lead to revisions of currently held views on Chinese koines and their relationship with regional speech forms and the received vernacular literature. Finally, it provides a wealth ot information on stylistic speech levels, honorific usage, and social customs of the elite during the early Qing period.The book provides a full translation of the 1703 text of the "Arte," an extensive introduction to the life and work of Varo, an index of Chinese characters inserted into the translation, and an index of linguistic terms and concepts. It should be of interest to a diverse readership of Chinese historical, comparative, and descriptive linguists, students of Qing history and literature, historiographers of linguistics, and specialists in early Western religious and cultural contact with China.
