Secret Ritual and Manhood in Victorian America

Secret Ritual and Manhood in Victorian America

Author: Mark Christopher Carnes

Publisher: Yale University Press

Published: 1989-01-01

Total Pages: 242

ISBN-13: 9780300051469

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In this study of American 19th-century secret orders, the author argues that religious practices and gender roles became increasingly feminized in Victorian America and that secret societies, such as the Freemasons, offered men and boys an alternative, male counterculture.