The Four Phases of Society

The Four Phases of Society

Author: Peter Peeters

Publisher: Praeger

Published: 1998-03-19

Total Pages: 198

ISBN-13:

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Today Capitalism is generally accepted as the only viable socioeconomic system in spite of the stress, moral decay, drug abuse, and crime it fosters. Peeters shows that, before entering the present Materialistic Phase, Western society went through two other phases, the Religious and the Militaristic-Nationalistic Phase. He argues that current social problems arose because the behavior of most people was no longer determined by the laws of Church and State, but instead by the need to be productive and the desire to acquire money and material goods. Peeters shows that Materialism is, however, not the ultimate stage of development of society. A comparison of the three phases and Communism—a rival form of materialistic Phase—shows that Western society is going to enter a Fourth Phase, which Peeters asserts will occur around 2050. Peeters sets out to discover which prominent traits of today's ways of living and acting will be rejected during the transition toward the Fourth Phase and which new characteristics will emerge. The educational system, democracy, the goals of production and income inequality will all have to change when people adapt their aims to the requirements of the Post-Materialistic Phase. The challenge of the forces that now rule people's lives and the rejection of materialism will ultimately recreate a healthy, balanced society. Scholars and researchers in Future Studies as well as concerned citizens will find this a provacative analysis of today's problems and their possible resolution.


The Fourth Turning

The Fourth Turning

Author: William Strauss

Publisher: Crown

Published: 1997-12-29

Total Pages: 401

ISBN-13: 0767900464

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NATIONAL BESTSELLER • Discover the game-changing theory of the cycles of history and what past generations can teach us about living through times of upheaval—with deep insights into the roles that Boomers, Generation X, and Millennials have to play—now with a new preface by Neil Howe. First comes a High, a period of confident expansion. Next comes an Awakening, a time of spiritual exploration and rebellion. Then comes an Unraveling, in which individualism triumphs over crumbling institutions. Last comes a Crisis—the Fourth Turning—when society passes through a great and perilous gate in history. William Strauss and Neil Howe will change the way you see the world—and your place in it. With blazing originality, The Fourth Turning illuminates the past, explains the present, and reimagines the future. Most remarkably, it offers an utterly persuasive prophecy about how America’s past will predict what comes next. Strauss and Howe base this vision on a provocative theory of American history. The authors look back five hundred years and uncover a distinct pattern: Modern history moves in cycles, each one lasting about the length of a long human life, each composed of four twenty-year eras—or “turnings”—that comprise history’s seasonal rhythm of growth, maturation, entropy, and rebirth. Illustrating this cycle through a brilliant analysis of the post–World War II period, The Fourth Turning offers bold predictions about how all of us can prepare, individually and collectively, for this rendezvous with destiny.


State of Nature, Stages of Society

State of Nature, Stages of Society

Author: Frank Palmeri

Publisher: Columbia University Press

Published: 2016-03-29

Total Pages: 546

ISBN-13: 0231541287

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Frank Palmeri sees the conjectural histories of Rousseau, Hume, Herder, and other Enlightenment philosophers as a template for the development of the social sciences in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Without documents or memorials, these thinkers, he argues, employed conjecture to formulate a naturalistic account of society's commercial and secular progression. Palmeri finds evidence of speculative frameworks in the political economy of Malthus, Martineau, Mill, and Marx. He traces the influence of speculative thought in the development of anthropology and ethnography in the 1860s, the foundational sociology of Comte and Spencer, and the sociology of religion pioneered by Weber, Durkheim, and Freud. Conjectural histories reveal a surprising ambivalence toward progress, modernity, and secularization among leading thinkers of the time, an attitude that affected texts as varied as Darwin's Descent of Man, Nietzsche's Genealogy of Morality, and the novels of Walter Scott, George Eliot, and H.G. Wells. Establishing the critical value of conjectural thinking in the study of modern forms of knowledge, Palmeri concludes his investigation with its return in the work of Foucault and in recent histories on early religion, political organization, and material life.


Firebrand Waves of Digital Activism 1994-2014

Firebrand Waves of Digital Activism 1994-2014

Author: Athina Karatzogianni

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-09-01

Total Pages: 277

ISBN-13: 1137317930

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This book introduces four waves of upsurge in digital activism and cyberconflict. The rise of digital activism started in 1994, was transformed by the events of 9/11, culminated in 2011 with the Arab Spring uprisings, and entered a transformative phase of control and mainstreaming since 2013 with the Snowden affair.


The Social Construction of Reality

The Social Construction of Reality

Author: Peter L. Berger

Publisher: Open Road Media

Published: 2011-04-26

Total Pages: 313

ISBN-13: 1453215468

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A watershed event in the field of sociology, this text introduced “a major breakthrough in the sociology of knowledge and sociological theory generally” (George Simpson, American Sociological Review). In this seminal book, Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann examine how knowledge forms and how it is preserved and altered within a society. Unlike earlier theorists and philosophers, Berger and Luckmann go beyond intellectual history and focus on commonsense, everyday knowledge—the proverbs, morals, values, and beliefs shared among ordinary people. When first published in 1966, this systematic, theoretical treatise introduced the term social construction,effectively creating a new thought and transforming Western philosophy.


Secular Cycles

Secular Cycles

Author: Peter Turchin

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 2009-08-09

Total Pages: 361

ISBN-13: 0691136963

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"Secular Cycles elaborates and expands upon the demographic-structural theory first advanced by Jack Goldstone, which provides an explanation of long-term oscillations. This book tests that theory's specific and quantitative predictions by tracing the dynamics of population numbers, prices and real wages, elite numbers and incomes, state finances, and sociopolitical instability. Turchin and Nefedov study societies in England, France, and Russia during the medieval and early modern periods, and look back at the Roman Republic and Empire. Incorporating theoretical and quantitative history, the authors examine a specific model of historical change and, more generally, investigate the utility of the dynamical systems approach in historical applications."--BOOK JACKET.


The Five Stages of Civilization

The Five Stages of Civilization

Author: Roland Y Kim

Publisher:

Published: 2021-05-10

Total Pages: 288

ISBN-13: 9780974809953

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Have evolutionists been right about predicting our culture to move toward a more mature and violence-free society? Then when and how soon can we expect to arrive at the utopia? For many decades, scholars of various fields have attempted to find a unified theory that can explain the developmental path of our civilization. The present author, trained in clinical psychology and social sciences, embarked on this grand project of finding the truth about our civilization. This volume explores a compelling way to explain the movement of our civilization, which confronts us with an alternative reality to the evolutionary view. It shows that changes in human society and culture as the collection of individual personalities are not an automatic biological or evolutionary process but rather a process requiring conscious human effort and proactive decision-making by individuals, parents, leaders, and policymakers. Dr. Roland Kim, a clinical psychologist/researcher, tries to provide the 5-Stage answers to the following crucial questions that help to understand the development of our civilization: What is the best predictor of our civilization's future path, and what real-life evidence can we find to prove if civilization results from evolution or a conscious choice? What are the prevailing emotions and typical adaptive behaviors of a socio-culture as a group of individuals at various stages of development? What are the typical business motivations at various stages among power, achievement, affiliation, individual happiness, and collaboration? What will be the next shape of our economic system, capitalism, in the future? Why are the combined roles of economic and political systems critical toward successful democratization? How do we understand political and legal justice in the developmental context? What is the developmental stage of the leadership styles we observe in our culture, and what are preferred by a particular stage of socio-cultural development? What are the shapes of violence, war, non-violent strategy according to various stages of socio-cultural development? How do we understand gender roles, racism/prejudice, and scapegoating in a developmental context? Which is the better question? Which religion one has ? vs. In what stage is one's faith? What are the psychological motivations behind artistic creativity at various stages of emotional/socio-cultural development? What are its adaptive functions? How do the movies and dramas of different cultures portray their characters and themes? Using the answers to these questions as a compass, parents, leaders, and policymakers will find the wisdom of first embracing their culture, without judgment, and find the direction to navigate it for the better future of our civilization.


Fourier: 'The Theory of the Four Movements'

Fourier: 'The Theory of the Four Movements'

Author: Charles Fourier

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1996-02-22

Total Pages: 366

ISBN-13: 1316583406

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This remarkable book, written soon after the French Revolution, has traditionally been considered one of the founding documents in the history of socialism. It introduces the best-known and most extraordinary utopia written in the last two centuries. Charles Fourier was among the first to formulate a right to a minimum standard of life. His radical approach involved a systematic critique of work, marriage and patriarchy, together with a parallel right to a sexual minimum. He also proposed a comprehensive alternative to the Christian religion. Finally, through the medium of a bizarre and extraordinary cosmology, Fourier argued that the poor state of the planet is the result of the evil practices of civilisation. Translated into English, this classic text will be of particular interest to students and scholars of the history of sexuality and feminism, political thought and socialism.


Doing Democracy

Doing Democracy

Author: Bill Moyer

Publisher: New Society Publishers

Published: 2001-08-01

Total Pages: 254

ISBN-13: 9780865714182

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An empowering guide to understanding the strategies behind successful social movements.


The Cooperative Society

The Cooperative Society

Author: E. G. Nadeau

Publisher:

Published: 2016-09-01

Total Pages: 48

ISBN-13: 9780998066202

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In this book, we present a hypothesis that humans may be on the threshold of a new historical stage, one characterized by cooperation, democracy, the equitable distribution of resources, and a sustainable relationship with nature. We can act strategically on a range of activities to become a more cooperative society.