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"Other field researchers, who usually convey their craft only through one-on-one apprenticeships, should follow Whyte's lead and try to create their own vicarious apprenticeships through candid backstage accounts of their judgment calls in the field. . . . This book gives seasoned investigators an excuse to rethink what they take for granted and to see, step-by-step, how their practice compares with that of another seasoned person. Most people will welcome the chance to do this because of a final characteristic in this book, its even-handed tone." --Journal of Contemporary Ethnography "Useful for a better understanding of the character and promise of ethnographic research." --Journal of Communication "Goes beyond statements of principles to give a realistic picture of problems encountered by the field researcher." --Bulletin de Methodologie Sociologique A highly regarded field researcher tells how he has plied his craft for the past 50 years. William Foote Whyte, in collaboration with his wife, Kathleen, describes the successes--and failures--he has had in studying street corner society in Boston, oil companies in Oklahoma and Venezuela, restaurants in Chicago, worker cooperatives in Spain, factories in New York State, and villages in Peru. With the goal of taking readers into the field with him, Whyte discusses and dissects his chief tools--participant observation and the semistructured interview. He also explains how to evaluate and analyze field data, why the use of local history in social research is valuable, and the ethics of fieldwork. Whyte focuses on four general problems that have plagued his career as a researcher:
The group of saproxylic beetles consists of thousands of different species exhibiting a rich variety of form as well as varied life-cycle strategies. They play an important role in decomposition processes and thus for nutrient-cycling in natural ecosystems. Based on contributions given at the conference this book contains contributions about research on conservation ecology of saproxylic beetles as well as results from recent faunistic surveys in different European regions. It comprises aspects of saproxylic beetle ecology, faunistics, diversity and conservation issues. International experts report on their activity, management strategies and new approaches in saproxylic insect conservation. There are a lot of people doing research on saproxylic beetles in different countries of the world, but this seems to be a little bit disorganized. Hopefully, these European conferences will lead to a better, more international network. The contributions included in this volume cover a broad spectrum of research on saproxylic beetles, organized in three main chapters: "Saproxylic beetle assemblages and regional surveys" include "Oaks in Norway," showing the abundance and composition of red-listed species of beetles in hollow oaks. Further reports on regional surveys deals with a spruce primeval forest in Romania, a hardwood floodplain forest in the Czech Republic, and the Gartow region of Lower Saxony, a hotspot of saproxylic beetle diversity in north-western Germany. "Saproxylic beetle ecology and implications for their conservation" deals with ecological studies of single species, e.g. Limoniscus violaceus, Lucanus cervus, Osmoderma eremita and the worldwide distribution of the genus Cucujus. "Advances in methodology and databases" discusses new techniques in trapping and the development of databases. This volume gives a nice overview of the actual research on saproxylic beetles in Europe and I wish the next conference in 2010 a successful meeting; maybe some people from the UK or even overseas should be invited.
The present volume presents a detailed account of the taxonomy, biology and distribution of the European species of Siphonini. This group of tachinid Diptera totals 58 species in Europe of which 6 are here described as new to science. In most species, the immatures live as endoparasitolds of lepidopterous larvae, but a few species even attack tipulid larvae. Several species of Siphonini are of great economic interest as agents for the control of lepidopterous and tipulid pests in agriculture and forestry. An analysis and proposal on the systematic position of the Siphonini is given together with a key to larger taxonomic entities of Tachinidae. The generic classification is also critically emphasized. A separate chapter summarizes aspects of the group's natural history: life-cycles, mating behaviour, oviposition strategies, etc. The taxonomic part contains identification keys to genera and species, and for each species a diagnosis, a description and accounts on the nomenclature, biology and distribution is given. A separate catalogue details the provincial distribution of the 47 species occurring in Fennoscandia and Danmark. No less than 275 line drawings and 15 colour illustrations accompany the text.
Written by two leading scientists with special expertise on the Canary Islands, this clearly written and fully illustrated introductory guide to the largest volcanoes in Europe will be essential reading for the many geologist who visit this fascinating region.
