This United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) guide is the first stage in the process of preparing advice for estate managers. It proposes a practical set of options for day-to-day work activities based on the best current experience. Intended for government officials, estate managers & industry leaders, the publication offers, among other things, environmental guidelines for new as well as existing industrial estates, the formulation of environmental policy & cleaner production & resource recovery.
It is a daunting task to build institution and infrastructure over a short time period in developing countries. But in the absence of sound institutions and adequate infrastructure, it is difficult for economic transformation to take place. An alternative is to facilitate existing industrial clusters or build industrial parks by creating an enabling environment in a limited place. This paper reviews the commonly used strategies to build effective clusters and industrial parks. Clusters and industrial parks are location specific. Because they have an informational advantage, local governments are in a better position than the central government to identify and solve the bottlenecks that affect clusters and industrial parks. As clusters and industrial parks evolve, new bottlenecks emerge, thereby requiring new solutions. This in turns calls for continuous tinkering by local governments. It is important to place local governments and business communities in the driver’s seat of local economic growth so that they can watch out for and adjust to the bumps in the road ahead.
In India, for a planned economy, greater emphasis has been placed on industrial development since the early years of planning. The second Five Year Plan accorded high priority to rapid industrialisation with particular emphasis on low development of basic and heavy industries. Since then attempt have been made to strengthen the industrial base of the country for a more rapid advancement. Rural Industrialisation is a concerted effort made in this direction. Small-scale industries have been occupied an important place in the planned process of industrialisation in Indian economy as they can be easily dispersed over rural and economically backward areas and can help in raising incomes.
This title was first published in 1965. In this book, the analysis of production indicators and various aspects of the economic effectiveness of factory and small-scale industry is made chiefly on the basis of statistical materials of India, Burma, and Pakistan because these materials are the most complete and comprehensive. Unfortunately, statistics on other countries do not permit us to arrive at any kind of coherent idea as to the basic indicators of the activity of small-scale industry and are therefore used only as supplementary illustrative material for the basic conclusions. The author hopes that subsequent research on this important and urgent problem will extend our understanding of it and will introduce into scientific circulation a broader range of statistical materials, including those on other developing countries.
This impressive study compares the adoption of environmentally sound technology in industrial sectors in eight developing countries. In combining a variety of quantitative and qualitative methodologies on rich empirical data the authors open the technological change black box and are able to formulate clear conclusions on the drivers and barriers for technological change. A major contribution to better understanding and governing environmentally-sound technological change. Arthur P.J. Mol, Wageningen University, The Netherlands All theory is gray, but the golden tree of life springs ever green , says Goethe. This book is very green (that is empirical) about a green topic: the adoption of environmentally sound technologies in developing countries, using triangulation for assessing the factors behind such choices. A very nice study on an important topic. René Kemp, UNU-MERIT, Maastricht, The Netherlands Industries located in developing countries have made major improvements in environmental performance since the Rio Earth Summit of 1992. More specifically, their record in reducing energy-use and water-pollutant intensities has been better than developed countries. This significant new book investigates what motivates industries in developing countries to adopt environmentally sound technology (EST) a subject about which very little is actually known. The authors present the findings of a United Nations study of the factors that determined EST adoption by 105 manufacturing plants in four different sectors within eight developing countries. They explore both factors internal to the plants as well as external factors including governments, markets and civil society. Environment and Industry in Developing Countries will be of great interest to development assistance agencies supporting programmes for industrial environmental management in developing countries, and also to graduate school programmes in economic development, technology management, as well as in international business.
