The Distribution of Thunderstorm Days, Lightning Discharges, and the Incidence of Lightning Discharge Derived from VLF Sferics Data
The Distribution of Thunderstorm Days, Lightning Discharges, and the Incidence of Lightning Discharge Derived from VLF Sferics Data

Author: William B. Freeman

Publisher:

Published: 1977

Total Pages: 92

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Distributions were developed for 1972 in the Eastern Hemisphere of thunderstorm days (January, April, July, and October), the incidence of lightning discharge (January and April), and the areal concentration of lightning discharge (yearly). These analyses were based on a review of sferics data. Charts of thunderstorm days differed significantly from mean charts of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), especially over the oceans, North Africa, Arabia, the Mediterranean Sea, and Southeast China. These areas of sparse data in the WMO compilation have been covered in this investigation. The tentative, first estimate of the distribution of lightning discharges over a large area of Earth differed significantly from the distribution of thunderstorm days for April and July, but the two distributions were similar for January and October. Centers of relatively high occurrence of lightning discharge on a yearly basis were located over South Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, Arabia, Southeast China, Southeast Asia, and Australia. The occurrence of lightning discharge was shown to follow Sun northward from January to the maximum poleward thrust in July. The occurrence of lightning discharge receded equatorward from July to the end of fall in December. The most reliable planetary-scale estimate of the average incidence of lightning discharge was 0.000042 per km per sec for the Northern Hemisphere (0-179E) in January 1972 and 0.000030 per km per sec for April 1972.

The Distribution of Thunderstorm Days, Lightning Discharges, and the Incidence of Lightning Discharge Derived from VLF Sferics Data
The Distribution of Thunderstorm Days, Lightning Discharges, and the Incidence of Lightning Discharge Derived from VLF Sferics Data

Author: Bill Freeman

Publisher:

Published: 1977

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Distributions were developed for 1972 in the Eastern Hemisphere of thunderstorm days (January, April, July, and October), the incidence of lightning discharge (January and April), and the areal concentration of lightning discharge (yearly). These analyses were based on a review of sferics data. Charts of thunderstorm days differed significantly from mean charts of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), especially over the oceans, North Africa, Arabia, the Mediterranean Sea, and Southeast China. These areas of sparse data in the WMO compilation have been covered in this investigation. The tentative, first estimate of the distribution of lightning discharges over a large area of Earth differed significantly from the distribution of thunderstorm days for April and July, but the two distributions were similar for January and October. Centers of relatively high occurrence of lightning discharge on a yearly basis were located over South Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, Arabia, Southeast China, Southeast Asia, and Australia. The occurrence of lightning discharge was shown to follow Sun northward from January to the maximum poleward thrust in July. The occurrence of lightning discharge receded equatorward from July to the end of fall in December. The most reliable planetary-scale estimate of the average incidence of lightning discharge was 0.000042 per km per sec for the Northern Hemisphere (0-179E) in January 1972 and 0.000030 per km per sec for April 1972.

The Distribution of Thunderstorm Days, Lightning Discharges, and the Incidence of Lightning Discharge Derived from VLF Sferics Data
The Distribution of Thunderstorm Days, Lightning Discharges, and the Incidence of Lightning Discharge Derived from VLF Sferics Data

Author: William B Freeman (Jr)

Publisher:

Published: 1977

Total Pages: 89

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Distributions were developed for 1972 in the Eastern Hemisphere of thunderstorm days (january, April, July, and October), the incidence of lightning discharge (january and April), and the areal concentration of lightning discharge (yearly). These analyses were based on a review of sferics data. Charts of thunderstorm days differed significantly from mean charts of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), especially over the oceans, North Africa, Arabia, the Mediterranean Sea, and Southeast China. These areas of sparse data in the WMO compilation have been covered in this investigation. The tentative, first estimate of the distribution of lightning discharges over a large area of Earth differed significantly from the distribution of thunderstorm days for April and July, but the two distributions were similar for January and October. Centers of relatively high occurrence of lightning discharge on a yearly basis were located over South Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, Arabia, Southeast China, Southeast Asia, and Australia. The occurrence of lightning discharge was shown to follow Sun northward from January to the maximum poleward thrust in July. The occurrence of lightning discharge receded equatorward from July to the end of fall in December. The most reliable planetary-scale estimate of the average incidence of lightning discharge was 0.000042 per km per sec for the Northern Hemisphere (0-179E) in January 1972 and 0.000030 per km per sec for April 1972.

Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports
Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1978

Total Pages: 774

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.

The Electrical Nature of Storms
The Electrical Nature of Storms

Author: D. R. MacGorman

Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

Published: 1998

Total Pages: 436

ISBN-13: 9780195073379

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Rapid progress during the last twenty years has created a host of new technologies for studying electrical storms, including lightning mapping systems, new radars, satellite sensors, and new ways of measuring electric field and particle charge. This book explains how these advances have revolutionized our understanding. The books provides substantial background material, making it accessible to a broad scientific audience.

A Study of the Variability of Thunderstorm Electrical Events Based on Very-Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Data
A Study of the Variability of Thunderstorm Electrical Events Based on Very-Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Data

Author: William Burns Freeman (Jr)

Publisher:

Published: 1979

Total Pages: 183

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Sferics counts were used to estimate the incidence of lightning discharges; study the relationship of lightning-flash density to thunderstorm days; and explore the variability to cloud-to-ground discharges. Areal and global discharge incidence estimates were generated from sferics, yielding a global estimate of 1.3 times ten to the minus 5th power /Sq km/s. Gridded monthly values are given for much of the Eastern Hemisphere. The Southern Hemisphere tropics were found to have a average incidence of discharge than the Northern Hemisphere tropics. The linear regression relationship between flash density and thunder storm days indicated lower estimates of flash density when based on data stratifications compared to previous studies. Selected data from the Eastern Hemisphere were studied by linear regression techniques for causes of large-scale variability of cloud-to-ground discharges. In order of importance the regressors were the height of freezing level, the planetary geomagnetic index, a parameterization of the height of the freezing level, precipitable water in 1000-850 mb layer, the dew-point depression at 850 mb, the K index of stability, and the departure of the H-component of the magnetic force vector from its mean. (Author).