Cold War America, 1946 To 1990
Cold War America, 1946 To 1990

Author: Facts on File Inc

Publisher: Infobase Publishing

Published: 2014-05-14

Total Pages: 689

ISBN-13: 1438107986

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Uses statistical tables, charts, photographs, maps, and illustrations to explore everyday life in the United States during the Cold War period.

From Mainframes to Smartphones
From Mainframes to Smartphones

Author: Martin Campbell-Kelly

Publisher: Harvard University Press

Published: 2015-06-08

Total Pages: 249

ISBN-13: 0674286553

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This compact history traces the computer industry from its origins in 1950s mainframes, through the establishment of standards beginning in 1965 and the introduction of personal computing in the 1980s. It concludes with the Internet’s explosive growth since 1995. Across these four periods, Martin Campbell-Kelly and Daniel Garcia-Swartz describe the steady trend toward miniaturization and explain its consequences for the bundles of interacting components that make up a computer system. With miniaturization, the price of computation fell and entry into the industry became less costly. Companies supplying different components learned to cooperate even as they competed with other businesses for market share. Simultaneously with miniaturization—and equally consequential—the core of the computer industry shifted from hardware to software and services. Companies that failed to adapt to this trend were left behind. Governments did not turn a blind eye to the activities of entrepreneurs. The U.S. government was the major customer for computers in the early years. Several European governments subsidized private corporations, and Japan fostered R&D in private firms while protecting its domestic market from foreign competition. From Mainframes to Smartphones is international in scope and broad in its purview of this revolutionary industry.

Cross National Policies and Practices on Computers in Education
Cross National Policies and Practices on Computers in Education

Author: Tjeerd Plomp

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-08-19

Total Pages: 464

ISBN-13: 058532767X

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This book presents some of the results from the second stage of lEA's study of Computers in Education (CompEd). lEA, the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement, conducts international comparative studies focussing on educational achievement, practices, and policies in various countries and education systems around the world. It has a Secretariat located in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. lEA studies have reported on a wide range of topics, each contributing to a deeper understanding of educational processes. The CompEd study is a project that sheds light on the way computers have been introduced in education and on how they are being used across the world today. The study proceeded in two stages with data collected for stage 1 in 1989 and for stage 2 in 1992. Results from both stages have been published in a variety of publications. This book reports about a special part of the study. Student achievement and school processes come into being in the context of the structure and the policies of national (or regional) education systems. The variety found in the CompEd results led us to ask how much might be explained by differences in these national or regional contexts. That is the reason the CompEd study took the initiative to invite the countries participating in the study, as well as some other countries that have had interesting developments in the domain of educational computers, to write a chapter describing their policies and practices regarding computers in education.

Computerworld
Computerworld

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1991-09-16

Total Pages: 112

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

For more than 40 years, Computerworld has been the leading source of technology news and information for IT influencers worldwide. Computerworld's award-winning Web site (Computerworld.com), twice-monthly publication, focused conference series and custom research form the hub of the world's largest global IT media network.