Opposing Australia’s First Assisted Immigrants, 1832-42
Opposing Australia’s First Assisted Immigrants, 1832-42

Author: Melanie Burkett

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-10-26

Total Pages: 265

ISBN-13: 3030849201

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This book unravels the paradoxical denigration of the first significant group of free (non-convict), working-class emigrants to the Australian colony of New South Wales in the 1830s. Though their labour was sorely needed, the colonial elite rejected the new arrivals on the grounds that they were ‘lazy’ and ‘immoral’. These criticisms stemmed from political, economic, and cultural motivations that ultimately sought to protect, legitimise, and cement the elite’s financial and social hegemony. The author seeks to explore the ulterior motives behind the public denouncements of immigrants by exposing the conflicting and opportunistic rationales used. Brought to Australia from Britain and Ireland through the experiment of ‘government-assisted migration,’ these immigrants are often remembered as ‘brave pioneers’ today, but this book exposes the deep antagonistic attitudes toward immigration that remain entrenched in Australian society. Uncovering early forms of class antagonism in Australia, this book presents useful insights for those researching Australian history and migration studies, as well as scholars of colonial history, by providing a model for re-evaluating and confronting a long-standing pattern in most settler societies: hostility toward immigrants.

Punishment and Social Structure
Punishment and Social Structure

Author: Otto Kirchheimer

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2017-09-29

Total Pages: 321

ISBN-13: 1351495402

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Why are certain methods of punishment adopted or rejected in a given social situation? To what extent is the development of penal methods determined by basic social relations? The answers to these questions are complex, and go well beyond the thesis that institutionalized punishment is simply for the protection of society. While today's punishment of offenders often incorporates aspects of psychology, psychiatry, and sociology, at one time there was a more pronounced difference in criminal punishment based on class and economics. Punishment and Social Structure originated from an article written by Georg Rusche in 1933 entitled "Labor Market and Penal Sanction: Thoughts on the Sociology of Criminal Justice." Originally published in Germany by the Frankfurt Institute of Social Research, this article became the germ of a theory of criminology that laid the groundwork for all subsequent research in this area. Rusche and Kirchheimer look at crime from an historical perspective, and correlate methods of punishment with both temporal cultural values and economic conditions. The authors classify the history of crime into three primary eras: the early Middle Ages, in which penance and fines were the predominant modes of punishment; the later Middle Ages, in which harsh corporal punishment and capital punishment moved to the forefront; and the seventeenth century, in which the prison system was more fully developed. They also discuss more recent forms of penal practice, most notably under the constraints of a fascist state.The majority of the book was translated from German into English, and then reshaped by Rusche's co-author, Otto Kirchheimer, with whom Rusche actually had little discussion. While the main body of Punishment and Social Structure are Rusche's ideas, Kirchheimer was responsible for bringing the book more up-to-date to include the Nazi and fascist era. Punishment and Social Structure is a pioneering work that sets a paradigm for the study of crime and punishment.

The Enlightenment and the Origins of European Australia
The Enlightenment and the Origins of European Australia

Author: John Gascoigne

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2002-06-07

Total Pages: 256

ISBN-13: 9780521803434

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This book surveys some of the key intellectual influences in the formation of Australian society by emphasizing the impact of the Enlightenment, with its commitment to rational inquiry and progress. The first part analyzes the political and religious background of the period from the First Fleet (1788) to the mid-nineteenth century. The second demonstrates the pervasiveness of ideas of improvement across a range of human endeavors, from agriculture to education, penal discipline and race relations. Throughout, the book highlights the extent to which developments in Australia can be compared with those in Britain and the U.S.

The Frauenstein Letters
The Frauenstein Letters

Author: Kathrine M. Reynolds

Publisher: Peter Lang

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 286

ISBN-13: 9783034300155

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This book investigates the migration of nearly 20% of the population from the village of Frauenstein-Wiesbaden (Germany) in the mid nineteenth century (1852-54) to Australia, using the letters and diaries of the towns-people, as well as official records and documentation. These migrants were imported as indentured workers for the developing wine industry, being sponsored by the Australian colonial authorities, and their stories make a significant contribution to both the migration debate as well as early Australian history. Using the voices of ordinary people revealed in their writing to and from Europe (the Frauenstein Letters) gives new insights into the migration process: What urged these people to migrate? What did they think about migration and how were they affected by it? Much of this migration correspondence has been generated by the female members of the family and, as treasured possessions, the letters have survived a century and a half and provide a window onto the experiences of ordinary working women whose voices from that period were seldom heard. The female construct of memory, and hence of history, is different and this book shows how important female migrant letters are in enhancing our knowledge of history and human migration.

The Europeans in Australia
The Europeans in Australia

Author: Alan Atkinson

Publisher: UNSW Press

Published: 2016-07-01

Total Pages: 722

ISBN-13: 174224243X

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'It is the duty of historians to be, wherever they can, accurate, precise, humane, imaginative - using moral imagination above all – and even-handed.' - Alan Atkinson The second of three volumes of the landmark, award-winning series The Europeans in Australia gives an account of early settlement by Britain. It tells of the political and intellectual origins of this extraordinary undertaking that began during the 1780s, a decade of extraordinary creativity and the climax of the European Enlightenment. Volume Two, Democracy, takes the story from around 1815 to the early 1870s. By exploring the nineteenth-century ‘communications revolution’ Atkinson casts new light on the way Australia first found its place in a ‘global’ world. This volume is more than a story of geography and politics. It describes the way people thought and felt. Throughout the trilogy Atkinson traces subtle and sudden shifts of ‘common imagination’ by analysing the lives of both powerful and ordinary Australians. He sets out the ideas and the imagery that moved and marked the people. This book, like all his work, is grounded in thorough and rigorous scholarship yet imbued with compassion and insight. Written ‘from the inside’, it is – as he says – history ‘caught up with the flesh and memory it describes’. The culmination of an extraordinary career in the writing and teaching of Australian history,The Europeans in Australia grapples with the Australian historical experience as a whole from the point of view of the settlers from Europe. Ambitious and unique, it is the first such large, single-author account since Manning Clark’s A History of Australia.

Triumph of the Expert
Triumph of the Expert

Author: Joseph Morgan Hodge

Publisher: Ohio University Press

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 425

ISBN-13: 0821417177

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Triumph of the Expert is a history of British colonial policy and thinking and its contribution to the emergence of rural development and environmental policies in the late colonial and postcolonial period.