France under the Directory

France under the Directory

Author: Martyn Lyons

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1975-09-25

Total Pages: 276

ISBN-13: 9780521207850

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On 9 thermidor Year 2, Robespierre fell; on18 brumaire Year 8, a coup d'état brought Bonaparte to power. This book demonstrates that the interval between these two momentous events was also of crucial importance. Using the findings of recent research, it presents a balanced appraisal of the thermidorean and directorial regimes to the English student. For Jacobin sympathizers thermidor and the Directory represented the betrayal of the revolutionary idea; for Bonapartist propagandists it represented chaos and corruption, and the darker the Directory could be painted, the more Bonaparte's reputation would be flattered. Dr Lyons attempts to dispose of these myths. He stresses the Directory's successes as well as its failures, and emphasizes elements of continuity which link it both with the Jacobin regime and with the Consulate. The regime inherited a heavy burden of war, inflation and food shortages, yet it remained revolutionary in its Republicanism, its anticlericalism, and its desire to carry the fruits of the Revolution to the rest of Europe. At the same time it laid the foundations of financial stability and administrative efficiency on which Bonaparte was to build.


British Directories 2nd Ed

British Directories 2nd Ed

Author: Gareth Shaw

Publisher: A&C Black

Published: 1997-01-01

Total Pages: 472

ISBN-13: 0720123291

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A guide to the existence, whereabouts, contents, and other features of a major resource for historians, directories of trades and commerce in specific towns or districts. Enlarged to 2,222 entries from the 1989 edition to include directories published after 1856 and up to 1950 for England and Wales, including London; comprehensive coverage of all Scottish directories published before 1950; and miscellaneous directories of specific trades, which have not been included in previous bibliographies. A 60-page introduction traces the evolution and types of directories and discusses their use in historical studies. The 120 library collections visited are described. The indexes are arranged by publisher, place, and subject. Distributed by Books International. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR


Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Author: Kate Woodford

Publisher:

Published: 2003

Total Pages: 1550

ISBN-13: 9780521824231

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The Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary is the ideal dictionary for advanced EFL/ESL learners. Easy to use and with a great CD-ROM - the perfect learner's dictionary for exam success. First published as the Cambridge International Dictionary of English, this new edition has been completely updated and redesigned. - References to over 170,000 words, phrases and examples explained in clear and natural English - All the important new words that have come into the language (e.g. dirty bomb, lairy, 9/11, clickable) - Over 200 'Common Learner Error' notes, based on the Cambridge Learner Corpus from Cambridge ESOL exams Plus, on the CD-ROM: - SMART thesaurus - lets you find all the words with the same meaning - QUICKfind - automatically looks up words while you are working on-screen - SUPERwrite - tools for advanced writing, giving help with grammar and collocation - Hear and practise all the words.