Since June 2009, the Islamic Republic of Iran has seen the most dramatic political upheaval in three decades of rule. What began as a series of mass protests over the official results of a presidential election - engendering the slogan 'Where is My Vote?' - has grown into something much larger, indeed the largest political protest since the 1979 Revolution. This momentous anthology explores these critical questions through key statements, communiques, manifestos and the debates which have emerged from this vibrant social movement.
This book investigates the relationship between democracy promotion and US national security strategy through an examination of the Reagan administration’s attempt to launch a global campaign for democracy in the early 1980s, which culminated in the foundation of the National Endowment for Democracy in 1983, and through an analysis of the early political interventions of the Endowment until 1986. A case study of the formation and early operations of the National Endowment for Democracy under the Reagan administration, based on primary documents from both the national security bureaucracy and the private sector, shows that while democracy promotion provided a new tactical approach to the conduct of US political warfare operations, these operations remained tied to the achievement of traditional national security goals such as destabilising enemy regimes and building stable and legitimate friendly governments, rather than being guided by a strategy based on the universal promotion of democracy. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of US Foreign Policy, Democracy Promotion and for those seeking to gain a better understanding of the Reagan Administration.
Beginning with the idea that the battlefield has irrevocably become the battlespace, this book explores the relation between religion and modern warfare in a variety of historical and contemporary contexts. Solely blaming religion for creating conflict does not survive contact with the evidence. Religious factors are at least equal to social, cultural and psychological ones in understanding the sources of conflict and the motivations of the combatants.
In June 1994 the United States went to the brink of war with North Korea. With economic sanctions impending, President Bill Clinton approved the dispatch of substantial reinforcements to Korea, and plans were prepared for attacking the North's nuclear weapons complex. The turning point came in an extraordinary private diplomatic initiative by former President Jimmy Carter and others to reverse the dangerous American course and open the way to a diplomatic settlement of the nuclear crisis. Few Americans know the full details behind this story or perhaps realize the devastating impact it could have had on the nation's post-Cold War foreign policy. In this lively and authoritative book, Leon Sigal offers an inside look at how the Korean nuclear crisis originated, escalated, and was ultimately defused. He begins by exploring a web of intelligence failures by the United States and intransigence within South Korea and the International Atomic Energy Agency. Sigal pays particular attention to an American mindset that prefers coercion to cooperation in dealing with aggressive nations. Drawing upon in-depth interviews with policymakers from the countries involved, he discloses the details of the buildup to confrontation, American refusal to engage in diplomatic give-and-take, the Carter mission, and the diplomatic deal of October 1994. In the post-Cold War era, the United States is less willing and able than before to expend unlimited resources abroad; as a result it will need to act less unilaterally and more in concert with other nations. What will become of an American foreign policy that prefers coercion when conciliation is more likely to serve its national interests? Using the events that nearly led the United States into a second Korean War, Sigal explores the need for policy change when it comes to addressing the challenge of nuclear proliferation and avoiding conflict with nations like Russia, Iran, and Iraq. What the Cuban missile crisis was to fifty years of superpower conflict, the North Korean nuclear crisis is to the coming era.
After a fatal encounter between Louis Riel's Metis rebels and the North West Mounted Police at Duck Lake in March 1885, the Canadian government mobilized forces in both Ontario and Alberta to suppress what became known as "The Northwest Rebellion." The western force was assembled in Calgary by Gunner Jingo Strange, a retired major general who readily knew the right man to lead an advance unit: Samuel Benfield Steele. He called them "Steele's Scouts." Steele's Scouts patrolled through bush and swamp, under the constant threat of ambush. They were vital to the furious battles near Frenchman Butte and Loon Lake, where the scouts alone fought the Cree warriors. Their actions contributed significantly to the defeat of Canada's last rebellion. Wayne Brown, a long-time admirer of Sam Steele, knows well the landscape and rebellion battle sites of the Northwest Rebellion and has followed the trails of Steele's Scouts. With each stage of Steele's journey, Brown gives detailed directions so that history buffs or the curious can visit these heritage sites.
Through a discussion of diverse art and media such as apocalyptic thrillers, rap, and television, Swirski debunks the American political system, sieving out fact from a sea of bipartisan untruths. Engaging with close analysis and multiple case studies, this book forges a more accurate picture of contemporary American culture and of America itself.
