The Biological Control of Mealybugs Attacking Citrus (Classic Reprint)
The Biological Control of Mealybugs Attacking Citrus (Classic Reprint)

Author: Harry Scott Smith

Publisher: Forgotten Books

Published: 2017-11-11

Total Pages: 80

ISBN-13: 9780260788665

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Excerpt from The Biological Control of Mealybugs Attacking Citrus Great difficulty has always been experienced in the attempt to control these insects on citrus trees. The ordinary methods of control for scale insects, fi.e., Spraying and fumigation, have uniformly failed to bring relief, even when applied at much greater strength than has been necessary to handle satisfactorily such pests as the black, red, and purple scales. Much experimental work has been carried out. By the United States Department of Agriculture, the Citrus Experiment Station, and the County Agricultural Commissioners, in the hope of discovering improved methods or more satisfactory insecticides for the purpose, but the resistance of these insects has been so great that it has seemed practically impossible to destroy them without seriously damaging the tree and fruit. The situation led entomologists to give consideration to radically different methods for the suppression of mealybugs, and out of this has come the biological method, the discussion of which is the pri mary object of this bulletin. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

The Common Mealybug and Its Control in California
The Common Mealybug and Its Control in California

Author: Russell Sage Woglum

Publisher:

Published: 1917

Total Pages: 20

ISBN-13:

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"No one method for the control of the common mealy bug can be recommended under all conditions. The remedy or remedies to be used will depend upon whether the trees are in house lots or orchards, whether few or many, and the infestation light or severe. In the case of sever infestation it will depend also upon the kind of fruit. This insect infects oranges of all varieties, grapefruit, lemons, and all other kinds of citrus fruit grown in California, causing deformity, weakening and dropping of much immature fruit, and the discoloration and weakening of the rind of the fruit maturing. This bulletin discusses the three remedies which have been widely used : namely, fumigation, spraying, and the artificial spread of insect enemies, points out the sphere of usefulness of each method, and shows, on pages 14-15, how they may be combined so as to secure complete control. An important part of the procedure recommended is the banding of trees with a mixture consisting of sulphur and a sticky material used to protect trees from insects. This keeps off the Argentine ant and other ants which attend and foster the mealybug and hinder or prevent the good work of insect enemies which otherwise might hold it in check. The method of preparing the mixture and applying the bands is described on pages 12-13. Where insect enemies are few or absent, or where they are themselves heavily parasitized, the trees should be sprayed or fumigated, and colonies of effective enemies should be introduced."--Page 2

Biorational Control of Arthropod Pests
Biorational Control of Arthropod Pests

Author: Isaac Ishaaya

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2009-08-28

Total Pages: 412

ISBN-13: 904812316X

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For nearly 50 years, pest control was mostly based on broad-spectrum conv- tional insecticides such as organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids. However, the severe adverse effects of pesticides on the environment, problems of resistance reaching crisis proportions and public protests led to stricter regulations and legislation aimed at reducing their use. Ways to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides in plant protection and to use more alternative and novel me- ods for pest control or biorational control are the challenges of pest control for the twenty-first century. The term biorational (biological + rational) pesticides can be defined as the use of specific and selective chemicals, often with a unique modes of action, that are compatible with natural enemies and the environment, with minimal effect on n- target organisms. Biorational control is based on a diversity of chemical, biological and physical approaches for controlling insect pests which results in minimum risk to man and the environment.

Spraying for the Control of Insects and Mites Attacking Citrus Trees in Florida
Spraying for the Control of Insects and Mites Attacking Citrus Trees in Florida

Author: William Walter Yothers

Publisher:

Published: 1918

Total Pages: 40

ISBN-13:

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"Under Florida conditions spraying is the most effective method for the control of citrus pests. In the past there have been many failures and much money has been expended without adequate returns to the grower in better fruit and increased yields. These failures have been due to various causes, such as improper equipment, ineffective insecticides, and a lack of a proper spraying schedule. This bulletin gives information regarding the best equipment for Florida conditions, and directions for preparing effective homemade insecticides. There is also given a spraying schedule that has proved satisfactory after several years of practical experience and such other information s well enable the grower to control citrus pests in a satisfactory manner. Spraying improves the grades of the fruit and increases the yield of the trees out of all proportion to its cost, if the work is done properly"--Page [2].