Read and Download eBook Full
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Published: 1998-10-31
Total Pages: 67
ISBN-13: 9264189874
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis is the 1998 Arrangement. This Arrangement provides the institutional framework for an orderly export credit market; it aims to prevent an export credit race in which exporting countries compete on the basis of who grants the most favourable financing terms rather than on price and quality.
Author:
Publisher:
Published: 1992
Total Pages: 62
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Philippe De Baere
Publisher: UN
Published: 2009
Total Pages: 56
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis study focuses on export promotion schemes that developing countries may use without violating international trade rules. It examines the rules themselves ndash; the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures for industrial goods and the Agreement on Agriculture for agricultural products ndash; and looks at schemes currently in place in the developing world.
Author:
Publisher: Lulu.com
Published: 2004
Total Pages: 294
ISBN-13: 9291316695
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Andreas Klasen
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Published: 2023-01-04
Total Pages: 628
ISBN-13: 1119167396
DOWNLOAD EBOOKProvides a state-of-the-art overview of international trade policy research The Handbook of Global Trade Policy offers readers a comprehensive resource for the study of international trade policy, governance, and financing. This timely and authoritative work presents contributions from a team of prominent experts that assess the policy implications of recent academic research on the subject. Discussions of contemporary research in fields such as economics, international business, international relations, law, and global politics help readers develop an expansive, interdisciplinary knowledge of 21st century foreign trade. Accessible for students, yet relevant for practitioners and researchers, this book expertly guides readers through essential literature in the field while highlighting new connections between social science research and global policy-making. Authoritative chapters address new realities of the global trade environment, global governance and international institutions, multilateral trade agreements, regional trade in developing countries, value chains in the Pacific Rim, and more. Designed to provide a well-rounded survey of the subject, this book covers financing trade such as export credit arrangements in developing economies, export insurance markets, climate finance, and recent initiatives of the World Trade Organization (WTO). This state-of-the-art overview: Integrates new data and up-to-date research in the field Offers an interdisciplinary approach to examining global trade policy Introduces fundamental concepts of global trade in an understandable style Combines contemporary economic, legal, financial, and policy topics Presents a wide range of perspectives on current issues surrounding trade practices and policies The Handbook of Global Trade Policy is a valuable resource for students, professionals, academics, researchers, and policy-makers in all areas of international trade, economics, business, and finance.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Published: 2017-03-27
Total Pages: 326
ISBN-13: 9264267999
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis publication contains the following four parts: A model Competent Authority Agreement (CAA) for the automatic exchange of CRS information; the Common Reporting Standard; the Commentaries on the CAA and the CRS; and the CRS XML Schema User Guide.
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Published: 1988-01-01
Total Pages: 60
ISBN-13: 145194263X
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis paper emphasizes on the policy reaction of the agencies and their authorities to countries in various stages of debt-servicing difficulties. Export credit agencies have, over the past few years, been adopting a progressively more open stance. This is true with respect to short-term cover generally and, with respect to medium-term cover, for countries that have rescheduled their debts but are implementing adjustment programs and adhering to Paris Club agreements. Despite the more open stance, the volume of new medium-term credit and cover commitments to developing countries appears to have fallen off sharply over the past two years. Although for some debtors the operative constraint is clearly on the supply of new credits and cover, this is not the general case and, indeed, agencies reported net repayments from some countries for which they were wide open for new business. A number of agencies also considered that a factor behind the decline in both investment and export credits to support that investment could be the terms on which such credits are available.
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Published: 1990-03-01
Total Pages: 56
ISBN-13: 1557751390
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis paper presents report on a number of countries in Asia that have made substantial use of agency credits, including the quasi-concessional financing available through mixed credit s. Through their willingness to grant comprehensive relief on a case-by-case basis, official creditors have responded flexibly to the needs of individual countries. The ability of export credit agencies to also provide substantial new financing to rescheduling countries has depended on the strategy of debt subordination achieved through fixing cutoff dates. As to the role of export credits at present, when the debt strategy’s continuing emphasis on new money flows is being supplemented by debt reduction, the debt subordination strategy followed by export credit agencies has left them well positioned to provide necessary new financing for middle-income countries pursuing strong adjustment. In heavily indebted low income countries, whose needs for project finance should most appropriately be met by concessional finance, export credit agencies continue to play an important role in supporting essential short-term credits.
Author: Mr.Balázs Horváth
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Published: 1995-12-01
Total Pages: 68
ISBN-13: 9781557754486
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis study discusses the importance of export credits, their recent growth, and the trend toward more extensive reliance by official bilateral creditors on export credits as an instrument of financial support, and raises a number of issues regarding the role and limitations of export credit financing, espeically for economies in transition.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Published: 1998-11-20
Total Pages: 146
ISBN-13: 9789264163867
DOWNLOAD EBOOKIn this collection of essays, participants involved with the Arrangement from its earliest days chart its evolution – its inception and progressive expansion, the difficulties encountered and problems solved.
