"This report provides an overview of the Army Command and Control Evaluation System (ACCES) theory and methodology. ACCES was initially developed by Defense Systems, Inc. (DSI) in the period October 1986 to January 1990 under the direction of the Fort Leavenworth, KS, Research Unit of the U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences (ARI). In the spring of 1990, ARI awarded two follow-up contracts: one to Quantum Research International (QRI) for support in conducting ACCES applications and the second to Evidence Based Research, Inc. (EBR) for specific required enhancements to the ACCES system. Both contracts expired near the end of 1993. This report provides a description of ACCES Version 93 and is current as of the end of December 1993. No further modification of ACCES methodology is planned at this time."--DTIC.
Perhaps the best single way to summarize it is to view the book as a bureaucratic or organizational history. What the author does is to take three distinct historical themes-organization, technology, and ideology and examine how each contributed to the development of WWMCCS and its ability (and frequent inability) to satisfy the demands of national leadership. Whereas earlier works were primarily descriptive, cataloguing the command and control assets then in place or under development, The book offers more analysis by focusing on the issue of how and why WWMCCS developed the way it did. While at first glance less provocative, this approach is potentially more useful for defense decision makers dealing with complex human and technological systems in the post-cold-war era. It also makes for a better story and, I trust, a more interesting read. By necessity, this work is selective. The elements of WWMCCS are so numerous, and the parameters of the system potentially so expansive, that a full treatment is impossible within the compass of a single volume. Indeed, a full treatment of even a single WWMCCS asset or subsystem-the Defense Satellite Communications System, Extremely Low Frequency Communications, the National Military Command System, to name but a few-could itself constitute a substantial work. In its broadest conceptualization, WWMCCS is the world, and my approach has been to deal with the head of the octopus rather than its myriad tentacles.
This quick reference guide describes U.S. Army organizations, planning, and operations. Unified action partners (UAPs) are those military forces, of the private sector with whom U.S. Army forces plan, coordinate, synchronize, and integrate during the conduct of operations (Army Doctrine Reference Publication 3-0, Unified Land Operations).UAPs include joint forces (activities in which elements of two or more U.S. military departments participate), multinational forces, and U.S Government (USG) agencies and departments. The Iraq and Afghanistan wars highlight the necessity for collaboration, cooperation, and synchronization among USG, NGOs, and private sector agencies to focus the elements of national power in achieving national strategic objectives. Our experience in these conflicts accentuates the importance of foreign governments, agencies, and militaries participating, in concert with the United States, to achieve common objectives. Meeting the challenges of complex environments, infused with fragile or failing nation states, non-state actors, pandemics, natural disasters, and limited resources, requires the concerted effort of all instruments of U.S. national power plus foreign governmental agencies, military forces, and civilian organizations.
Rapid progress in information and communications technologies is dramatically enhancing the strategic role of information, positioning effective exploitation of these technology advances as a critical success factor in military affairs. These technology advances are drivers and enablers for the "nervous system" of the militaryâ€"its command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence (C4I) systemsâ€"to more effectively use the "muscle" side of the military. Authored by a committee of experts drawn equally from the military and commercial sectors, Realizing the Potential of C4I identifies three major areas as fundamental challenges to the full Department of Defense (DOD) exploitation of C4I technologyâ€"information systems security, interoperability, and various aspects of DOD process and culture. The book details principles by which to assess DOD efforts in these areas over the long term and provides specific, more immediately actionable recommendations. Although DOD is the focus of this book, the principles and issues presented are also relevant to interoperability, architecture, and security challenges faced by government as a whole and by large, complex public and private enterprises across the economy.
This regulation encompasses garrison, field, and subsistence supply operations. Specifically, this regulation comprises Army Staff and major Army command responsibilities and includes responsibilities for the Installation Management Command and subordinate regions. It also establishes policy for the adoption of an à la carte dining facility and for watercraft to provide subsistence when underway or in dock. Additionally, the regulation identifies DOD 7000.14–R as the source of meal rates for reimbursement purposes; delegates the approval authority for catered meals and host nation meals from Headquarters, Department of the Army to the Army commands; and authorizes the use of the Government purchase card for subsistence purchases when in the best interest of the Government. This regulation allows prime vendors as the source of garrison supply and pricing and provides garrison menu standards in accordance with The Surgeon General's nutrition standards for feeding military personnel. Also, included is guidance for the implementation of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Recovery Program.
"Understanding Command and Control is the first in a new series of CCRP Publications that will explore the future of Command and Control ... This book begins at the beginning: focusing on the problem(s) Command and Control was designed (and has evolved) to solve. It is only by changing the focus from what Command and Control is to why Command and Control is that we will place ourselves in a position to move on"--Preface.
For the US Army to succeed in the 21st Century, Soldiers of all ranks must understand and use Mission Command. Mission Command empowers leaders at all levels, allowing them to synchronize all warfighting functions and information systems to seize, retain, and exploit the initiative against a range of adversaries. This collection of historical vignettes seeks to sharpen our understanding of Mission Command philosophy and practice by providing examples from the past in which Mission Command principles played a decisive role. Some vignettes show junior officers following their commander's intent and exercising disciplined initiative in very chaotic combat operations. Others recount how field grade officers built cohesive teams that relied on mutual trust to achieve key operational objectives. Each historical account is complemented by an annotated explanation of how the six Mission Command principles shaped the action. For this reason, the collection is ideal for leader development in the Army school system as well as for unit and individual professional development. Mission Command places great responsibility on our Soldiers.
This handbook provides an understanding of the processes and procedures being employed by joint force commanders and their staffs to plan and execute assessment activities. It provides fundamental principles, techniques, and considerations related to assessment that are being employed in the field and are evolving toward incorporation in joint doctrine. Furthermore, this handbook supplements doctrinal publications by providing detailed guidance to conduct effects assessment, task assessment, and deficiency analysis. Commanders, assisted by their staffs and subordinate commanders, along with interagency and multinational partners and other stakeholders, will continuously assess the operational environment and the progress of the operation toward the desired end state in the time frame desired. Based on their assessment, commanders direct adjustments, thus ensuring the operation remains focused on accomplishing the mission. Assessment is applicable across the range of military operations. It offers perspective and insight, and provides the opportunity for self-correction, adaptation, and thoughtful results-oriented learning. Assessment is a key component of the commander's decision cycle, helping to determine the results of tactical actions in the context of overall mission objectives and providing potential recommendations for the refinement of future plans. Assessments provide the commander with the current state of the operational environment, the progress of the campaign or operation, and recommendations to account for discrepancies between the actual and predicted progress. Commanders then compare the assessment against their vision and intent and adjust operations to ensure objectives are met and the military end state is achieved. First, assessment must determine "where we are." The assessment process must examine the data received and determine, in relation to the desired effects, the current status of the operation and the operational environment. This is the most basic and fundamental question that assessment must answer. The second fundamental issue that assessment must address is "so what and why" (i.e., what does the data mean and what is its significance)? To answer this question, the assessment team will examine the measure of effectiveness indicators, both individually and in relation to each other. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, assessment must begin to address the "what's next?" Assessment must combine the analysis of the "where we are" and the "so what" and develop thoughtful, logical guidance for the command's planning efforts. Assessments are interrelated and interdependent. Although each level of assessment may have a specific focus and a unique battle rhythm, together they form a hierarchical structure in which the conduct of one level of assessment is crucial to the success of the next. Theater strategic and operational-level assessment efforts concentrate on broader tasks, effects, objectives, and progress toward the end state, while tactical-level assessment primarily focuses on task accomplishment. This handbook provides users with a pre-doctrinal reference describing how to conduct assessment execution and planning. Its primary purpose is to improve the US military's assessment process through educating the user on basics, best practices, and processes. This handbook was developed based on observations at combatant commands as well as joint task force staffs. It was developed in close coordination with, and used significant input from, both civilian and military subject matter experts. Assessment is a collaborative effort between the joint force, interagency and multinational partners, and other stakeholders. As such, this handbook addresses the necessity for an inclusive assessment process and effort at every level. It also presents some assessment resources developed by other stakeholders and currently in use throughout the world.
Report examines the feasibility and advisability of using a 360-degree assessment approach in performance evaluations of U.S. military service members, and explores the role of 360s more broadly, such as for development purposes.
