This report presents a cost analysis of Purified Terephthalic Acid (PTA) production from p-xylene. The process examined is similar to that one developed by GTC Technology. In this process, p-xylene is oxidized to Terephthalic Acid. The Terephthalic Acid from reaction is separated as a Crude Terephthalic Acid (CTA) intermediate. The CTA is subjected to purification in order to obtain PTA as the final product. Differently from the conventional technology, this process does not involve a hydrogenation step for Terephthalic Acid purification. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Para-xylene, Paraxylene, TPA, CTA, Catalytic Oxidation, Acetic Acid, PET, Polyethylene Terephthalate, GTC Technology
This report presents a cost analysis of Purified Terephthalic Acid (PTA) production from p-xylene. The process examined is a conventional catalytic oxidation process. In this process, p-xylene is oxidized to Terephthalic Acid. The Terephthalic Acid from reaction passes through separation and drying steps and Crude Terephthalic Acid (CTA) is obtained as an intermediate. Subsequently, the CTA is subjected to purification via hydrogenation and PTA is separated as the final product. This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs * Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements * Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure) This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) "Terephthalic Acid, Dimethyl Terephthalate, and Isophthalic Acid", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition; (2) EP Patent 0824653, issued to DuPont in 2000 Keywords: Para-xylene, Paraxylene, TPA, CTA, Hydrogenation, Amoco, Catalytic Oxidation, Acetic Acid, BP, X Technology, PET, Polyethylene Terephthalate, Bromine
This report presents a cost analysis of Purified Terephthalic Acid (PTA) production from p-xylene. The process examined is similar to BP X Technology. In this process, p-xylene is oxidized to Terephthalic Acid. The Terephthalic Acid from reaction is separated as a Crude Terephthalic Acid (CTA) intermediate. The CTA is subjected to hydrogenation and PTA is obtained as the final product. The drying and storage of the CTA intermediate is not necessary in this process. This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs * Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements * Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure) This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) EP Patent 1054855, issued to BP Amoco in 2000; (2) US Patent 20150166452, issued to BP in 2015 Keywords: Para-xylene, Paraxylene, TPA, CTA, Hydrogenation, Amoco, Catalytic Oxidation, Acetic Acid, BP, X Technology, PET, Polyethylene Terephthalate
This report presents a cost analysis of Medium-Purity Terephthalic Acid (MTA) production from p-xylene. The process examined is a typical catalytic oxidation process. In this process, p-xylene is oxidized to Terephthalic Acid. Subsequently, the Terephthalic Acid is crystallized and recovered from the liquor and MTA is obtained as the final product. This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs * Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements * Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure) This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Terephthalic Acid, Dimethyl Terephthalate, and Isophthalic Acid", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Para-xylene, TPA, Post-Oxidation Reactor, Mitsubishi, Eastman, Lurgi, Medium Quality, QTA, EPTA
This report presents a cost analysis of para-Xylene production from mixed xylenes. The process examined is a xylene isomerization process with ethylbenzene (EB) dealkylation. In this process, a mixture of C8 aromatics containing xylene isomers and EB is sent to a crystallization recovery unit for p-Xylene separation. The p-Xylene-depleted stream is fed into an isomerization unit, where the remaining xylenes are isomerized to equilibrium and the EB is dealkylated to benzene by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Mixed Xylenes, C8 Aromatics, UOP, PAREX, Axens, Crystallization, Badger/Niro
This report presents a cost analysis of para-Xylene production from mixed xylenes The process examined is a xylene isomerization process with ethylbenzene (EB) isomerization. In this process, a mixture of C8 aromatics (mixed xylenes) containing xylene isomers and EB is sent to an adsorption unit for the recovery of p-Xylene. The remaining xylenes as well as the ethylbenzene are isomerized and the product from isomerization is recycled to the adsorption unit. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Mixed Xylenes, C8 Aromatics, UOP, PAREX, Isomar, Axens, Eluxyl, ExxonMobil, Oparis, MHAI
This report presents a cost analysis of para-Xylene production from mixed xylenes with o-xylene co-production. The process examined is a xylene isomerization process with ethylbenzene (EB) isomerization. In this process, p-Xylene is recovered from a mixture of C8 aromatics via an adsorption unit. The remaining xylenes as well as the ethylbenzene are isomerized and the product from isomerization is recycled to the adsorption unit. Part of the o-xylene is also recovered as by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 7301064, issued to UOP in 2007 (2) US Patent 3997620, issued to UOP in 1976 Keywords: Mixed Xylenes, C8 Aromatics, UOP, PAREX, Isomar, Axens, Eluxyl, ExxonMobil, Oparis, MHAI
This report presents a cost analysis of para-Xylene production from toluene. The process examined is a selective toluene disproportionation process (STDP). In this process, toluene undergoes a selective disproportionation reaction to produce xylenes (mainly p-Xylene) and benzene. Then, benzene is separated as a by-product and p-Xylene is recovered in a crystallization unit. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 7230152, issued to UOP in 2007 (2) US Patent 4097543, issued to ExxonMobil in 1978 Keywords: Mixed Xylenes, C8 Aromatics, PX-Plus, Badger/Niro
This report presents a cost analysis of para-Xylene production from toluene. The process examined is a toluene disproportionation process similar to ExxonMobil PxMax. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Mixed Xylenes, C8 Aromatics, PxMax, ExxonMobil
This report presents a cost analysis of para-Xylene production from C9 aromatics. The process examined is a typical C9 transalkylation process. In this process, mixed xylenes and benzene are produced via transalkylation of toluene and C9 aromatics. The benzene is separated as by-product and p-Xylene is recovered from mixed xylenes via adsorption and isomerization steps. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: TDP, UOP, Tatoray, Axens, ExxonMobil, MTDP-3, Transalkylation, Disproportionation
