Technological Innovation and Prize Incentives

Technological Innovation and Prize Incentives

Author: Luciano Kay

Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing

Published: 2012-01-01

Total Pages: 250

ISBN-13: 1781006482

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ÔThe recent renaissance in the use of prizes to spur innovation and extraordinary novel performance warrants close attention. Luciano Kay does so through a series of compelling case studies which shows the potential of prizes, the range of factors that influence their performance and the importance of understanding their non-pecuniary dimensions, even when there is a substantial purse. This is an important contribution to the innovation literature.Õ Ð David J. Teece, University of California, Berkeley, US ÔIn the last decade innovation prizes have caught the imagination of policy makers and rich donors alike; those who actually care about the process and outcome of prizes and not only the hype, would do well to read LucianoÕs new book.Õ Ð Dan (Danny) Breznitz, Georgia Institute of Technology, US Inducement prizes Ð in which cash rewards are offered to motivate the attainment of specific targets Ð have long been used to stimulate scientific discovery and technology research and development. This volume presents an empirical investigation of the effect of these prizes on innovation. In this in-depth study, Luciano Kay focuses on three recent cases of prize competitions in the aerospace industry: the Google Lunar X Prize, the Ansari X Prize and the Northrop Grumman Lunar Lander Challenge. Using a combination of real-time and historical analysis based on personal interviews, workplace visits and questionnaire and document data analysis, the author examines the particular dynamics of the prize phenomenon and offers a comprehensive discussion of the potential of prizes to induce innovation. This fascinating volume also sets out a systematic method to studying prize incentives, offering a concrete innovation model and case study design approach that will prove highly useful to further research efforts in the field. Scholars, policymakers and corporate officials interested in incentives for innovation and the practical implementation of prize competitions will find this an invaluable resource. Potential prize sponsors and entrepreneurs, professionals and other individuals or organizations interested in participating in such competitions will also find much of interest in this groundbreaking book.


Inventing Ideas

Inventing Ideas

Author: B. Zorina Khan

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2020-05-22

Total Pages: 481

ISBN-13: 019093610X

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What determines why some countries succeed and others fall behind? Economists have long debated the sources of economic growth, resulting in conflicting and often inaccurate claims about the role of the state, knowledge, patented ideas, monopolies, grand innovation prizes, and the nature of disruptive technologies. B. Zorina Khan's Inventing Ideas overturns conventional thinking and meticulously demonstrates how and why the mechanism design of institutions propels advances in the knowledge economy and ultimately shapes the fate of nations. Drawing on the experiences of over 100,000 inventors and innovations from Britain, France, and the United States during the first and second industrial revolutions (1750-1930), Khan's comprehensive empirical analysis provides a definitive micro-foundation for endogenous macroeconomic growth models. This groundbreaking study uses comparative analysis across time and place to show how different institutions affect technological innovation and growth. Khan demonstrates how top-down innovation systems, in which elites, state administrators, or panels make key economic decisions about prizes, rewards and the allocation of resources, prove to be ineffective and unproductive. By contrast, open-access markets in patented ideas increase the scale and scope of creativity, foster diversity and inclusiveness, generate greater knowledge spillovers, and enhance social welfare in the wider population. When institutions are associated with rewards that are misaligned with economic value and productivity, the negative consequences can accumulate and reduce comparative advantage at the level of individuals and nations alike. So who will arise as the global leader of the twenty-first century? The answer depends on the extent to which we learn and implement the lessons from the history of innovation and enterprise.


Handbook of Innovation Policy Impact

Handbook of Innovation Policy Impact

Author: Jakob Edler

Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing

Published: 2016-07-27

Total Pages: 604

ISBN-13: 1784711853

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Innovation underpins competitiveness, is crucial to addressing societal challenges, and its support has become a major public policy goal. But what really works in innovation policy, and why? This Handbook, compiled by leading experts in the field, is the first comprehensive guide to understanding the logic and effects of innovation polices. The Handbook develops a conceptualisation and typology of innovation policies, presents meta-evaluations for 16 key innovation policy instruments and analyses evidence on policy-mix. For each policy instrument, underlying rationales and examples are presented, along with a critical analysis of the available impact evidence. Providing access to primary sources of impact analysis, the book offers an insightful assessment of innovation policy practice and its evaluation.


OECD Green Growth Studies Fostering Innovation for Green Growth

OECD Green Growth Studies Fostering Innovation for Green Growth

Author: OECD

Publisher: OECD Publishing

Published: 2011-09-12

Total Pages: 130

ISBN-13: 9264119922

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This book explores policy actions for the deployment of new technologies and innovations as they emerge: investment in research and development, support for commercialisation, strengthening markets and fostering technology diffusion.


E-Planning and Collaboration: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications

E-Planning and Collaboration: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications

Author: Management Association, Information Resources

Publisher: IGI Global

Published: 2018-06-04

Total Pages: 1775

ISBN-13: 1522556478

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As population growth accelerates, researchers and professionals face challenges as they attempt to plan for the future. E-planning is a significant component in addressing the key concerns as the world population moves towards urban environments. E-Planning and Collaboration: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications contains a compendium of the latest academic material on the emerging interdisciplinary areas of e-planning and collaboration. Including innovative studies on data management, urban development, and crowdsourcing, this multi-volume book is an ideal source for planners, policymakers, researchers, and graduate students interested in how recent technological advancements are enhancing the traditional practices in e-planning.


Smart Cities and Smart Spaces: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications

Smart Cities and Smart Spaces: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications

Author: Management Association, Information Resources

Publisher: IGI Global

Published: 2018-09-07

Total Pages: 1742

ISBN-13: 1522570314

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As populations have continued to grow and expand, many people have made their homes in cities around the globe. With this increase in city living, it is becoming vital to create intelligent urban environments that efficiently support this growth and simultaneously provide friendly and progressive environments to both businesses and citizens alike. Smart Cities and Smart Spaces: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications is an innovative reference source that discusses social, economic, and environmental issues surrounding the evolution of smart cities. Highlighting a range of topics such as smart destinations, urban planning, and intelligent communities, this multi-volume book is designed for engineers, architects, facility managers, policymakers, academicians, and researchers interested in expanding their knowledge on the emerging trends and topics involving smart cities.


Socio-Technical Innovation Bundles for Agri-Food Systems Transformation

Socio-Technical Innovation Bundles for Agri-Food Systems Transformation

Author: Christopher B. Barrett

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-04-21

Total Pages: 226

ISBN-13: 3030888029

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This open access book is the result of an expert panel convened by the Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability and Nature Sustainability. The panel tackled the seventeen UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for 2030 head-on, with respect to the global systems that produce and distribute food. The panel’s rigorous synthesis and analysis of existing research leads compellingly to multiple actionable recommendations that, if adopted, would simultaneously lead to healthy and nutritious diets, equitable and inclusive value chains, resilience to shocks and stressors, and climate and environmental sustainability.


Public incentives in support of R+D and innovation in the Federal State of Espirito Santo, Brazil

Public incentives in support of R+D and innovation in the Federal State of Espirito Santo, Brazil

Author: Daniel Streit

Publisher: diplom.de

Published: 2004-02-24

Total Pages: 109

ISBN-13: 3832477438

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Inhaltsangabe:Problemstellung: Die in englischer Sprache verfasste Arbeit gliedert sich in zwei große Abschnitte einen Theoretischen und einen Praktischen. Im theoretischen Teil werden zunächst die Begriffe Forschung & Entwicklung und Innovation definiert sowie die Eigenschaften eines Nationale Innovationssystems beschrieben. Weiter wird die Frage diskutiert, ob Innovationen beziehungsweise F&E staatliche Unterstützung brauchen, oder ob es angebrachter ist, vorhandene Marktmechanismen die Menge an F&E bestimmen zu lassen. Ein sehr großes Kapitel der Arbeit ist infolge der Beschreibung der einzelnen Instrumente der Innovationspolitik bzw. Innovationsökonomie gewidmet. Hierbei werden nicht nur die zwölf am häufigsten verwendeten staatlichen Maßnahmen zur Förderung von Innovationen und F&E auf ihre Stärken und Schwächen hin untersucht, sondern es wird auch erläutert welche Instrumente in welcher Art und Weise in der Lage sind, die Innovationstätigkeit in einem Land zu erhöhen. Der praktische Teil der Arbeit befasst sich zunächst mit der wirtschaftlichen Situation des Bundesstaates Espirito Santo und dessen Innovationssystem. Im Anschluss daran erfolgt eine Bestandsaufnahme der in Espirito Santo aktuell verwendeten innovationspolitischen Maßnahmen zur Förderung von Innovationen und F&E. Hierbei wurden Daten verwendet, die bei zahlreichen Interviews mit den zuständigen Stellen vor Ort gesammelt wurden. Darauf aufbauend (und mit Hilfe der Erkenntnisse aus dem theoretischen Teil der Arbeit) werden die innovationspolitischen Maßnahmen des Bundesstaates Espirito Santo evaluiert und vereinzelte Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten in der Innovationspolitik des Bundesstaates aufgezeigt. Ein zweiseitiges summary fasst die wichtigsten Ergebnisse am Ende der Arbeit noch einmal zusammen. Inhaltsverzeichnis:Table of Contents: LIST OF FIGURESIII LIST OF TABLESIV 1.INTRODUCTION1 2.EXPLANATION OF BASIC TERMS AND THEORIES2 2.1R&D AND INNOVATION2 2.2INNOVATION, TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE POLICY5 2.3NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS7 3.SHOULD THE GOVERNMENT SUPPORT R&D AND INNOVATIONS?8 3.1THE ARGUMENTS FOR PUBLIC SUPPORT8 3.1.1Externalities9 3.1.2Public goods10 3.1.3Market structure11 3.1.4Imperfect information11 3.2THE ARGUMENTS AGAINST PUBLIC SUPPORT13 4.THE INNOVATION POLICY TOOLS14 4.1FINANCIAL MEASURES17 4.1.1Public funding17 4.1.2Venture capital21 4.1.3Tax incentives23 4.2NON-FINANCIAL MEASURES25 4.2.1Public procurement25 4.2.2Human resource [...]


Innovation Inducement Prizes at the National Science Foundation

Innovation Inducement Prizes at the National Science Foundation

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2007-04-21

Total Pages: 72

ISBN-13: 0309104653

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Following a congressional directive in its FY 2006 Appropriations Act, the National Science Foundation asked the STEP Board to "propose a plan for administering prizes to individuals or teams that achieve novel solutions to specified social or research needs or capitalize on recognized research opportunities." A committee under the STEP Board concluded that an ambitious program of innovation inducement prize contests would be a sound investment in strengthening the infrastructure for U.S. innovation and that NSF, although inexperienced, is well suited to designing an experimental program that could add substantially to understanding regarding the appropriate goals of such contests, the motivations of participants and sponsors, and the rules and conditions that contribute to successful contests. The committee recommends that NSF start off with a series of small-scale prizes ($200K - $2M) in diverse areas while beginning to plan for much more ambitious contests ($3M-$30M) that would address significant economic or social challenges and be conducted over several years. The report addresses many of the generic issues that arise in administering innovation prize contests (types of contests, eligibility to participate, disposition of intellectual property rights, and decisions regarding awards) and explores 7 research and technology fields that might lend themselves to prize contests.