The text outlines teaching strategies that can be used to facilitate classroom learning and engagement, including discovery learning, experiments, demonstrations, the use of questioning, the facilitation of discussion and the effective provision of feedback. Chapters include activities, diagrams and key points to help readers practise the strategies and consolidate knowledge.
This book provides an essential overview of "learning by teaching", unpacking the underpinning theory, research evidence and practical implications of peer learning in a variety of classroom contexts. It aims to offer practical guidance for practitioners in structuring effective peer learning – between professionals and between students alike. It locates this phenomenon in current conceptions of learning and teaching, far removed from traditional ideas of one-way transmission of knowledge. Exactly what happens to promote learning by teaching is explored. Examples of learning by teaching are discussed and it is noted that this happens in school, university and the workplace, as well as through the Internet. Learning by teaching within the student body is then explored, and many different methods described. The organizational features needed to improve learning by teaching consciously and deliberately are investigated. These can be before teaching, during teaching or after teaching. Evidence-based practical guidance is given. Of course teachers can deploy learning by teaching for themselves, but what if they also organize their students to teach each other, thereby giving many more opportunities to discuss, practise, explain and question? This takes pedagogical advantage of the differences between students – turning classrooms into communities of learners where students learn both from their teacher and from their peers.
This exciting new handbook provides teachers with practical guidelines and classroom-tested lessons and activities to teach ESL students how to use learning strategies. Written by experts in the field, this book is a highly accessible must-have guide for implementing learning strategies in the classroom.
This book is designed to be a professional development tool for both preservice and practicing teachers. It provides descriptions, explanations, and examples of a variety of research-based teaching strategies that will enhance your ability to teach effectively. These strategies are appropriate for all teachers (general education, special education, and content area specialists), at all levels (kindergarten through graduate school).
This timely book explores the sustainable development goals, how well universities have been able to integrate them into their curriculum, and how universities can institutionalize the goals and sustainable development into their strategic plans and institutional culture
This book focuses on selected best practices for effective active learning in Higher Education. Contributors present the epistemology of active learning along with specific case studies from different disciplines and countries. Discussing issues around ICTs, collaborative learning, experiential learning and other active learning strategies.
Originally published in 1986, designed for teachers and those concerned with the education of primary and secondary school pupils, Learning Strategies presented a new approach to 'learning to learn'. Its aim was to encourage teachers to start thinking about different approaches to harnessing the potential of young learners. It was also relevant to adult learners, and to those who teach them. Thus, although about learning, the book is also very much about teaching. Learning Strategies presents a critical view of the study skills courses offered in schools at the time, and assesses in non-technical language what contributions could be made to the learning debate by recent developments in cognitive psychology. The traditional curriculum concentrated on 'information' and developing skills in reading, writing, mathematics and specialist subjects, while the more general strategies of how to learn, to solve problems, and to select appropriate methods of working, were too often neglected. Learning to learn involves strategies like planning ahead, monitoring one's performance, checking and self-testing. Strategies like these are taught in schools, but children do not learn to apply them beyond specific applications in narrowly defined tasks. The book examines the broader notion of learning strategies, and the means by which we can control and regulate our use of skills in learning. It also shows how these ideas can be translated into classroom practice. The final chapter reviews the place of learning strategies in the curriculum.
Within educational discourse, the idea that teachers should scaffold student learning is extremely widespread, yet it is often less clear what this means in the classroom beyond teacher-structured learning activities and the offering of support to students. Effective Teaching and Learning: Perspectives, Strategies and Implementation opens with a review on the use of the term scaffolding in teaching, and explains the purpose of scaffolding in the context of Vygotsky's developmental theory. The authors draw upon Vygotskys spatial metaphor for how learning activities could be positioned in relation to the learners current and potential levels of development. An analysis of the function of scaffolds, their role in classroom differentiation, and the logic of fading is provided. Following this, the authors report one small-scale study that explored an attempt to design materials using principles of scaffolding in an aspect of upper secondary physics known to present learning difficulties to students. The results demonstrate the difficulty of estimating the level at which to pitch learning materials intended to scaffold learning, but also suggest that such materials may contribute to shifting student thinking even when they are not optimally tuned. The results of this small-scale study indicate both the difficulty and the potential of transferring the scaffolding principle from dyadic contexts to formal classroom teaching. Continuing, our nderstanding of learning and the transmission of knowledge has influenced the design of instructional models. Todays models may appear simplistic, but actually contain very detailed components. Medical education has incorporated instructional designers to assist in developing curricula and to revamp older training programs. Thus, the authors aim to identify the more prominent instructional design (ID) models and their applicability to medical education. With many different instructional design models available, medical educators can be confused and dismayed when first trying to choose an appropriate ID model for educational development. Challenges that medical educators typically overlook, underuse, and overuse when selecting an instructional design model are described. The concluding chapter discusses the need for continuing engineering education and its unique challenges, engineers learning preferences (verbal-visual, learning strategy, and multimedia), the importance of prior knowledge, and instructional design strategies for developing more effective training materials for working engineers. This need has been well-documented and is critical for working engineers due to the breadth of processes and equipment they design and use, as well as rapid changes in technology.
Learning Strategies describes a program of research in learning strategies initiated by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in 1976. The goal of the program is to improve learning, decrease training time, and reduce training costs by developing and evaluating instructional materials designed to teach basic intellectual and affective skills. This book records the program's progress and suggests further avenues for research. Comprised of eight chapters, this book begins with an overview of the theoretical underpinnings of the teaching and learning approaches to the improvement of education, followed by a discussion on DARPA's preliminary work on an empirically based learning-strategy training program as well as its efforts to expand and modify the program. In order to provide an intellectual foundation for this program, several fields are surveyed for potential learning strategies, namely, cognitive psychology, artificial intelligence, behavioral modification, and motor learning. An instructional systems development approach for learning strategies is also proposed. The final chapter deals with models of evaluation extant in education and training and discusses the specific application of transactional evaluation to the DARPA Learning Strategies Research Program. This monograph should be of interest to students, teachers, and educational psychologists.
