In reaction to the recent financial crisis, increased attention has recently been given to financial transaction taxes (FTTs) as a means of (1) raising revenue for a variety of possible purposes and/or (2) helping to curb financial market excesses. This paper reviews existing theory and evidence on the efficacy of an FTT in fulfilling those tasks, on its potential impact, and on key issues to be faced in designing taxes of this kind.
You'll gain an understanding of all sides of this public policy debate - implementation issues, global concerns, and more - that will help you to gage the soundness of current arguments for and against STTs and to come to your own conclusions about their effectiveness.
This timely volume addresses three important recent trends in the internationalization of United States equity markets: extensive market integration through foreign investment and links among stock prices around the world; increasing securitization as countries such as Japan come to rely more than ever before on markets in equities and bonds at the expense of banks; and the opening of national financial systems of newly industrializing countries to international financial flows and institutions, as governments remove capital controls and other barriers. Eight essays examine such issues as the current extent of international market integration, gains to U.S. investors through international diversification, home-country bias in investing, the role of time and location around the world in stock trading, and the behavior of country funds. Other, long-standing questions about equity markets are also addressed, including market efficiency and the accuracy of models of expected returns, with a particular focus on variances, covariances, and the price of risk according to the Capital Asset Pricing Model.
This open access book discusses financial crisis management and policy in Europe and Latin America, with a special focus on equity and democracy. Based on a three-year research project by the Jean Monnet Network, this volume takes an interdisciplinary, comparative approach, analyzing both the role and impact of the EU and regional organizations in Latin America on crisis management as well as the consequences of crisis on the process of European integration and on Latin America’s regionalism. The book begins with a theoretical introduction, exploring the effects of the paradigm change on economic policies in Europe and in Latin America and analyzing key systemic aspects of the unsustainability of the present economic system explaining the global crises and their interconnections. The following chapters are divided into sections. The second section explores aspects of regional governance and how the economic and financial crises were managed on a macro level in Europe and Latin America. The third and fourth sections use case studies to drill down to the impact of the crises at the national and regional levels, including the emergence of political polarization and rise in populism in both areas. The last section presents proposals for reform, including the transition from finance capitalism to a sustainable real capitalism in both regions and at the inter-regional level of EU-LAC relations.The volume concludes with an epilogue on financial crises, regionalism, and domestic adjustment by Loukas Tsoukalis, President of the Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP). Written by an international network of academics, practitioners and policy advisors, this volume will be of interest to researchers and students interested in macroeconomics, comparative regionalism, democracy, and financial crisis management as well as politicians, policy advisors, and members of national and regional organizations in the EU and Latin America.
"The United States Code is the official codification of the general and permanent laws of the United States of America. The Code was first published in 1926, and a new edition of the code has been published every six years since 1934. The 2012 edition of the Code incorporates laws enacted through the One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session, the last of which was signed by the President on January 15, 2013. It does not include laws of the One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, enacted between January 2, 2013, the date it convened, and January 15, 2013. By statutory authority this edition may be cited "U.S.C. 2012 ed." As adopted in 1926, the Code established prima facie the general and permanent laws of the United States. The underlying statutes reprinted in the Code remained in effect and controlled over the Code in case of any discrepancy. In 1947, Congress began enacting individual titles of the Code into positive law. When a title is enacted into positive law, the underlying statutes are repealed and the title then becomes legal evidence of the law. Currently, 26 of the 51 titles in the Code have been so enacted. These are identified in the table of titles near the beginning of each volume. The Law Revision Counsel of the House of Representatives continues to prepare legislation pursuant to 2 U.S.C. 285b to enact the remainder of the Code, on a title-by-title basis, into positive law. The 2012 edition of the Code was prepared and published under the supervision of Ralph V. Seep, Law Revision Counsel. Grateful acknowledgment is made of the contributions by all who helped in this work, particularly the staffs of the Office of the Law Revision Counsel and the Government Printing Office"--Preface.
This book provides complete information about the Income-tax & GST implications of the securities market transactions covering 30+ securities. This book is divided into three sections, covering provisions applicable to traders, & investors: • Introduction to Securities Markets and Securities • Provisions in Respect of Investors • Provisions in Respect of Traders This book will also benefit all those who want to learn about the taxation concepts and aspects relating to the products and intermediaries of the Securities Markets. The Present Publication is the August 2023 workbook version, authored & published exclusively by Taxmann for NISM Certification Examination XX [Taxation in Securities Markets], with the following noteworthy features: • [Know the Basics] of the Indian Securities Market-Structure, Participants, Products and Features • [Know the Basic Concepts] in Taxation, Capital Gains, Sources of Income, etc. • [Understand the Taxation of Products] available in the market viz., Equity, Debt, ESOPs, Exchange Traded Funds, Alternate Investment Funds, Real Estate Investment Trusts, Infrastructure Investment Trust and Derivative products • Taxation in the hands of the Intermediaries, Foreign Portfolio Investors, IFSC Units etc. The contents of the book are as follows: • Introduction to Securities Markets and Securities o Concepts in Taxation o Capital Gains o Income from other Sources • Provisions in Respect of Investors o Taxation of Debt Products o Taxation of Equity Products o Taxation of other Products • Provisions in Respect of Traders o Business Income o Taxation in the hands of the Intermediaries o Taxation – In the hands of the Foreign Portfolio Investor (FPIs) o Tax Implications of IFSC o Tax Provisions for Special Cases o Indirect Taxes in Securities Markets • Annexures o Maintenance of Accounts o Due Date for Filing of Income-tax Return o Penalty for Non-Compliance o Summarized Tax Table – Product-wise o Tax Rates for Assessment Year 2024-25 o Deductions under Income-tax Act o Exemptions under Income-tax Act o Tax on Transfer of Securities o Cost Inflation Index
Tobin has suggested that exchange rate volatility be controlled through a tax on international financial transactions. This analysis shows that the Tobin tax as a pure transaction tax is not viable. The tax would impair financial operations and create international liquidity problems. It is also unlikely to deter speculation. However, a possible alternative would be a two-tier rate structure—consisting of a low-rate transaction tax plus an exchange surcharge. The exchange rate could move freely within a “crawling” exchange rate band, but overshooting the band would trigger a tax on an “externality,” which is the discrepancy between the market exchange rate and the closest margin of the band. The scheme is inspired by the European Monetary System. However, exchange rates would be kept within the target range through a tax, not through interest policy or central bank sterilization and, eventually, the depletion of international reserves.
About the Book Largest Selling Book since 1964 and over the last 58 years of its existence, the book has established a reputation for itself as the most definitive workon the subject of income tax. Even the last minute changes in the law have been incorporated in this revised edition of the book and as such it is the latest and most update book on Income Tax for the Assessment Year 2022-23. Further, the amendments made by the Finance Act, 2022, applicable for the Assessment Year 2022-23, have been incorporated in the book. A simplified, systematic approach to the understanding of a complex subject written in a unique, simple and easy to understand language. Each topic, after a theoretical exposition, is followed by illustrations to facilitate the students to master the practical application of Income Tax Law. User-friendly examination-oriented style facilitating easy comprehension of each topic. Solved Illustrations and Questions for exercise are largest in number in comparison to other books on income tax. Unsurpassed for over 58 years. The book is trusted and relied upon for accuracy and reliability. Mistakeless printing on paper of superior quality at moderate price. Questions from latest Examination Papers of various universities have been included in the revised edition of the book. At the end of each chapter, Short Answer, Objective Type and Short Numerical Questions have been added with answers.
