This paper explores how fiscal policy can affect medium- to long-term growth. It identifies the main channels through which fiscal policy can influence growth and distills practical lessons for policymakers. The particular mix of policy measures, however, will depend on country-specific conditions, capacities, and preferences. The paper draws on the Fund’s extensive technical assistance on fiscal reforms as well as several analytical studies, including a novel approach for country studies, a statistical analysis of growth accelerations following fiscal reforms, and simulations of an endogenous growth model.
This book explores the stigma of addiction and discusses ways to improve negative attitudes for better health outcomes. Written by experts in the field of addiction, the text takes a reader-friendly approach to the essentials of addiction stigma across settings and demographics. The authors reveal the challenges patients face in the spaces that should be the safest, including the home, the workplace, the justice system, and even the clinical community. The text aims to deliver tools to professionals who work with individuals with substance use disorders and lay persons seeking to combat stigma and promote recovery. The Stigma of Addiction is an excellent resource for psychiatrists, addiction medicine specialists, students across specialties, researchers, public health officials, and individuals with substance use disorders and their families.
Chemical Engineering Design, Second Edition, deals with the application of chemical engineering principles to the design of chemical processes and equipment. Revised throughout, this edition has been specifically developed for the U.S. market. It provides the latest US codes and standards, including API, ASME and ISA design codes and ANSI standards. It contains new discussions of conceptual plant design, flowsheet development, and revamp design; extended coverage of capital cost estimation, process costing, and economics; and new chapters on equipment selection, reactor design, and solids handling processes. A rigorous pedagogy assists learning, with detailed worked examples, end of chapter exercises, plus supporting data, and Excel spreadsheet calculations, plus over 150 Patent References for downloading from the companion website. Extensive instructor resources, including 1170 lecture slides and a fully worked solutions manual are available to adopting instructors. This text is designed for chemical and biochemical engineering students (senior undergraduate year, plus appropriate for capstone design courses where taken, plus graduates) and lecturers/tutors, and professionals in industry (chemical process, biochemical, pharmaceutical, petrochemical sectors). New to this edition: - Revised organization into Part I: Process Design, and Part II: Plant Design. The broad themes of Part I are flowsheet development, economic analysis, safety and environmental impact and optimization. Part II contains chapters on equipment design and selection that can be used as supplements to a lecture course or as essential references for students or practicing engineers working on design projects. - New discussion of conceptual plant design, flowsheet development and revamp design - Significantly increased coverage of capital cost estimation, process costing and economics - New chapters on equipment selection, reactor design and solids handling processes - New sections on fermentation, adsorption, membrane separations, ion exchange and chromatography - Increased coverage of batch processing, food, pharmaceutical and biological processes - All equipment chapters in Part II revised and updated with current information - Updated throughout for latest US codes and standards, including API, ASME and ISA design codes and ANSI standards - Additional worked examples and homework problems - The most complete and up to date coverage of equipment selection - 108 realistic commercial design projects from diverse industries - A rigorous pedagogy assists learning, with detailed worked examples, end of chapter exercises, plus supporting data and Excel spreadsheet calculations plus over 150 Patent References, for downloading from the companion website - Extensive instructor resources: 1170 lecture slides plus fully worked solutions manual available to adopting instructors
Synthesizes the empirical literature on organizationalstructuring to answer the question of how organizations structure themselves --how they resolve needed coordination and division of labor. Organizationalstructuring is defined as the sum total of the ways in which an organizationdivides and coordinates its labor into distinct tasks. Further analysis of theresearch literature is neededin order to builda conceptualframework that will fill in the significant gap left by not connecting adescription of structure to its context: how an organization actuallyfunctions. The results of the synthesis are five basic configurations (the SimpleStructure, the Machine Bureaucracy, the Professional Bureaucracy, theDivisionalized Form, and the Adhocracy) that serve as the fundamental elementsof structure in an organization. Five basic parts of the contemporaryorganization (the operating core, the strategic apex, the middle line, thetechnostructure, and the support staff), and five theories of how it functions(i.e., as a system characterized by formal authority, regulated flows, informalcommunication, work constellations, and ad hoc decision processes) aretheorized. Organizations function in complex and varying ways, due to differing flows -including flows of authority, work material, information, and decisionprocesses. These flows depend on the age, size, and environment of theorganization; additionally, technology plays a key role because of itsimportance in structuring the operating core. Finally, design parameters aredescribed - based on the above five basic parts and five theories - that areused as a means of coordination and division of labor in designingorganizational structures, in order to establish stable patterns of behavior.(CJC).
FULLY UPDATED FOR 2019 TAX LAW Principles of Taxation for Business and Investment Planning focuses on the role taxes play in business and investment decision, presenting the general roles of taxation and discussing its implications for all tax-paying entities before delving into a specific exception. The benefit of this approach is a strong grasp of the fundamental principles informing taxation rules: students comprehend the framework of the tax system, making future changes to the tax code easier to understand-no matter how many there are. Unlike traditional introductory titles, Principles of Taxation for Business and Investment Planning downplays the technical detail that makes the study of Taxation convoluted and off-putting for business students. This title shows students that an understanding of Taxation is not only relevant, but critical to their success in the business world. Don't just teach your students the tax code; teach them how the tax code affects business decision making with the 2020 edition!
Two strengths distinguish this textbook from others. One is its presentation of subjects in the contexts wherein they occur. The other is its use of current events. Other improvements have shortened and simplified chapters, increased the numbers and types of pedagogical supplements, and expanded the international appeal of examples.
This book is based upon papers presented at the 10th Annual Conference of the Tax Research Network held at the University of Birmingham, United Kingdom, in September 2000. The book covers four discrete areas namely compliance, e-commerce and taxation, international taxation and taxation within the European Union, and value added tax, and focuses within those areas on issues of topical and continuing interest. In an introductory chapter, the editors provide an overview of the subject matter of each of the substantive chapters (of which there are eleven). They conclude by seeking to extrapolate from those chapters, notwithstanding their diversity, various matters of wider and contemporary import to taxation. The treatment of the material in this book by scholars from various academic disciplines and with differing geographical perspectives also gives distinct and instructive insights into widely recognised and enduring taxation problems within the above-mentioned subject areas. Further, an appreciation and understanding of the multi-faceted approaches which may be adopted for problem solving, and which are evident in this book, can only enhance the prospects of the ultimate resolution of these problems.
Principles of Taxation for Business and Investment Planning, by Jones and Rhoades-Catanach, is a different approach to the study of taxation than the traditional tax return preparation approach. This book teaches students to recognize the role taxes play in business and investment decisions. In addition, the book presents the general role of taxation and its implications across all taxpaying entities before discussing the details relevant to specific entities. This approach allows students to really grasp the fundamental concepts that are the foundation for specific tax rules. The benefit is that the students will understand the framework of the tax system, even though specific tax rules and regulations change from year to year.
EUCOTAX Series on European Taxation Volume 54 EU Citizenship and Direct Taxation is the first book to investigate in detail how the Court of Justice of the European Union (ECJ) has tried to reconcile specific national direct tax rules with the general European Union (EU) principle of free movement of persons from the perspective of EU citizenship. Freedom of movement is a key principle of the EU resulting in the right of every EU citizen to move and reside freely within the EU. Many EU citizens work in the other Member States than their Member State of origin. Direct taxes are not as such covered in the treaties and therefore have a much smaller basis for harmonization at EU level than indirect taxes. As a result, decisions of ECJ on the clash between the EU principle of free movement and Member States' direct tax rules have a significant effect on national direct tax systems. This book focuses on the relation between free movement rights of EU citizens and the legal autonomy of Member States in the area of direct taxation. What's in this book: The book's incomparably thorough analysis of the distinctive evolution, mainly via ECJ case law, of the relation between the EU principle of free movement of persons and Member States' direct tax rules includes in-depth discussion of the following elements and more: the concept of EU citizenship in the EU's constitutional and institutional development; how the ECJ has interpreted the concept of free movement with regard to economically inactive persons; how the notion of EU citizenship has widened the ECJ's view on treaty access; how the ECJ has addressed the clash between free movement of persons and direct taxation in the EU's constitutional context; and numerous tax policy initiatives with regard to EU citizens before and after the Treaty of Lisbon. The willingness at EU level to make EU citizenship a key driver behind the European integration process relates to the purpose of this study. This book explains that the ECJ is reconceptualizing the market freedoms relating to the free movement of persons as part of a broader EU citizenship right for all economically active EU citizens to pursue an economic activity in a cross-border context; a right beyond the aim of realization of the internal market. How this will help you: This book proceeds confidently through the maze of rules that relate to the notion of EU citizenship and gives a broad understanding of the concept of EU citizenship in the EU's constitutional and institutional development. As an extremely important analysis of the influence of EU law on the direct tax autonomy of Member States, this book will be a great influence in the practice and study of taxation in the EU.
