Synthetic Syntax, Meaning, and Philosophical Questions
Synthetic Syntax, Meaning, and Philosophical Questions

Author: Paul Rastall

Publisher: Masarykova univerzita

Published: 2022-01-01

Total Pages: 193

ISBN-13: 8028001211

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Kniha je souborem dvanácti původních kapitol, které se zabývají různými syntaktickými, sémantickými a filozofickými otázkami. Autor k těmto problémům přistupuje integrovaně či holisticky a své argumenty dokládá četnými příklady jazyků tak rozmanitých, jako je mimo jiné angličtina, ruština nebo malajština. Každá kapitola je samostatným textem, ale celý soubor je svázán zastřešujícím společným tématem, jednotnou teorií a metodologií. Klíčovým pojmem knihy je syntetická syntax, která představuje zásadní alternativu k většině současných syntaktických přístupů. Rastall prosazuje chápání jazyka jako prostředku, jímž lidé vyjadřují své zkušenosti. V jádru tohoto přístupu je vnitrojazyková a mezijazyková rozmanitost. Aspekty zkušenosti jsou zachyceny (nebo pojmenovány) základními jazykovými jednotkami, znaky (slovy i idiomy a rčeními), a tyto znaky jsou seskupeny tak, aby odrážely skutečné nebo vnímané vztahy mezi těmito aspekty zkušenosti. Procesy pojmenování a seskupování jsou vzájemně propojeny, a proto jsou v tomto přístupu syntax a sémantika integrovány. Rastall však nepředkládá pouze sterilní formální analýzy těchto problémů, ale spíše o nich diskutuje a přemýšlí formou eseje. Tento typ argumentace je ve filozofii běžný, a skutečně, mnohé problémy, jimiž se autor zabývá, mají filozofickou povahu. Stručně řečeno, kniha je cenná nejen pro lingvisty (obecně pro syntaktiky a sémantiky, zvláště pro anglisty), ale také pro filozofy. Navazuje na tradici funkční lingvistiky, obohacuje ji o mnoho nových myšlenek a aplikuje ji na nové i staré problémy. Kniha navazuje na autorovu monografii „Bottom-Up Linguistics“, která již dříve vyšla v nakladatelství Munipress.

Philosophy of Syntax
Philosophy of Syntax

Author: Mieszko Talasiewicz

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2009-11-12

Total Pages: 192

ISBN-13: 9048132886

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Since 1970-ties in the theory of syntax of natural language quite a number of competing, incommensurable theoretic frameworks have emerged. Today the lack of a leading paradigm and kaleidoscope of perspectives deprives our general understanding of syntax and its relation to semantics and pragmatics. The present book is an attempt to reestablish the most fundamental ideas and intuitions of syntactic well-formedness within a new general account. The account is not supposed to compete with any of today’s syntactic frameworks, but to provide a deeper understanding of why these frameworks succeed or fail when they do and to show a new way for cooperation between logicians and linguists which may lead in future to a unified, yet more specific account.

Logical Syntax of Language
Logical Syntax of Language

Author: Rudolf Carnap

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2014-06-23

Total Pages: 369

ISBN-13: 1317830601

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This is IV volume of eight in a series on Philosophy of the Mind and Language. For nearly a century mathematicians and logicians have been striving hard to make logic an exact science. But a book on logic must contain, in addition to the formulae, an expository context which, with the assistance of the words of ordinary language, explains the formulae and the relations between them; and this context often leaves much to be desired in the matter of clarity and exactitude. Originally published in 1937, the purpose of the present work is to give a systematic exposition of such a method, namely, of the method of " logical syntax".

Syntactic Structures
Syntactic Structures

Author: Noam Chomsky

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Published: 2020-05-18

Total Pages: 120

ISBN-13: 3112316002

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No detailed description available for "Syntactic Structures".

The Blackwell Dictionary of Western Philosophy
The Blackwell Dictionary of Western Philosophy

Author: Nicholas Bunnin

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2008-04-15

Total Pages: 776

ISBN-13: 0470997214

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The Blackwell Dictionary of Western Philosophy The Blackwell Dictionary of Western Philosophy ???The style is fresh and engaging, and it gives a broad and accurate picture of the western philosophical tradition. It is a pleasure to browse in, even if one is not looking for an answer to a particular question.??? David Pears ???Its entries manage to avoid the obscurities of an exaggerated brevity without stretching themselves out, as if seeking to embody whole miniature essays. In short it presents itself as a model of clarity and clarification.??? Alan Montefiore

Philosophy and Ideology
Philosophy and Ideology

Author: Z.A. Jordan

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 778

ISBN-13: 9401036365

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The purpose of this study is to describe the development of philosophy in Poland since the end of the Second World War and the development of Marxist-Leninist philosophy which, owing to international political events, has assumed an impor tant role in the intellectual life of contemporary Poland. This task could not have been accomplished without relating post-war developments to those of the inter war period. Consequently, the period studied covers the years 1918-1958. Yet another extension was necessary. Marxism-Leninism regards sociology as a part of philosophy. Moreover, Marxism-Leninism often resorts to sociology to support or justify some of its philosophical views. Finally, its criticism of 'bourgeois philosophy' is often concerned with social philosophy and socio logical theories which supposedly are implicit or explicit in 'bourgeois philoso phy'. For this reason it was desirable to consider in this study some theoretical and methodological problems of the social sciences. They are taken into ac count when they illuminate philosophical controversies or the evolution of Marxist-Leninist philosophy. Marxism-Leninism is not only a new line of development but also a new point of departure in Polish philosophy. It provides a striking contrast with the established philosophical tradition which originated roughly at the time when G. E. Moore and Bertrand Russell initiated the analytical trend in English philosophy. The contrast can be epitomised by the contradistinction of philoso phy and ideology, chosen as the title of this study.

Fundamental Issues of Artificial Intelligence
Fundamental Issues of Artificial Intelligence

Author: Vincent C. Müller

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-06-07

Total Pages: 572

ISBN-13: 3319264850

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This volume offers a look at the fundamental issues of present and future AI, especially from cognitive science, computer science, neuroscience and philosophy. This work examines the conditions for artificial intelligence, how these relate to the conditions for intelligence in humans and other natural agents, as well as ethical and societal problems that artificial intelligence raises or will raise. The key issues this volume investigates include the relation of AI and cognitive science, ethics of AI and robotics, brain emulation and simulation, hybrid systems and cyborgs, intelligence and intelligence testing, interactive systems, multi-agent systems, and super intelligence. Based on the 2nd conference on “Theory and Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence” held in Oxford, the volume includes prominent researchers within the field from around the world.

Philosophy, Language, and Artificial Intelligence
Philosophy, Language, and Artificial Intelligence

Author: J. Kulas

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 413

ISBN-13: 9400927274

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This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information and data-processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human, (other) animal or machine. Its scope is intended to span the full range of interests from classical problems in the philosophy of mind and phi losophical psychology through issues in cognitive psychology and socio biology (concerning the mental capabilities of other species) to ideas related to artificial intelligence and computer science. While primary emphasis will be placed upon theoretical, conceptual and epistemologi cal aspects of these problems and domains, empirical, experimental and methodological studies will also appear from time to time. Among the most challenging and difficult projects within the scope of artificial intelligence is the development and implementation of com puter programs suitable for processing natural language. Our purpose in compiling the present volume has been to contribute to the foundations of this enterprise by bringing together classic papers devoted to crucial problems involved in understanding natural language, which range from issues of formal syntax and logical form to those of possible-worlds and situation semantics. The book begins with a comprehensive introduc tion composed by Jack Kulas, the senior editor of this work, which pro vides a systematic orientation to this complex field, and ends with a selected bibliography intended to promote further research. If our efforts assist others in dealing with these problems, they will have been worthwhile. J. H. F.

An Introductory Course to Philosophy of Language
An Introductory Course to Philosophy of Language

Author: Ufuk Özen Baykent

Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing

Published: 2016-08-17

Total Pages: 115

ISBN-13: 1443898201

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Language is what we all share and is our common concern. What is the nature of language? How is language related to the world? How is communication possible via language? What is the impact of language on our reasoning and thinking? Many people are unaware that misunderstandings and conflicts during communication occur as a result of the way we use language. This book introduces the central issues in the history of philosophical investigations about the concept of language. Topics are structured with reference to the world’s foremost philosophers of language. The book will encourage the reader to explore the depths of the concept of language and will raise an awareness of this distinctive human capacity.