Copolymers for Drag Reduction in Marine Propulsion: New Molecular Structures with Enhanced Effectiveness
Copolymers for Drag Reduction in Marine Propulsion: New Molecular Structures with Enhanced Effectiveness

Author: C. L. McCormick

Publisher:

Published: 1989

Total Pages: 4

ISBN-13:

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1) Synthesis - The first phase of synthetic research has begun with initial emphasis placed on preparation of copolymers of acrylamide with diacetone acrylamide with diacetone acrylamide (AM-DAMM) and ampholytic terpolymers of acrylamide and sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanedimethylammonium chloride with sodium-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate (ADASAM series) or with sodium-3-acrylamido-3-methyl-butanoate (ADABAM series); 2) Molecular Characterization - Construction of the proposed preparative scale size exclusion chromatography system is well underway. The system will be able to separate high molecular weight water-soluble polymers for subsequent drag reduction studies; and 3) Friction Reduction Measurements - Construction of the proposed tube flow apparatus for measurement of drag reduction is completed. Testing of polyethylene oxide and polyacrylamide standards is in progress. Keywords: Bibliographics. (kr).

The Influence of the Chemical Nature of Polymers on Their Drag Reduction Characteristics
The Influence of the Chemical Nature of Polymers on Their Drag Reduction Characteristics

Author: Moshe A. Frommer

Publisher:

Published: 1973

Total Pages: 35

ISBN-13:

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Effects of molecular characteristics of water soluble polymers on drag reduction were investigated by studying changes in the drag reduction efficiency of long chain vinylic polymers, having an identical polymeric backbone, with changes in the chemical nature of their functional groups; and studying the effect of conformational changes of a simple polymer on its drag reduction efficiency by changing the pH or adding salt to the solution. The polymers studied were polyacrylamide, hydrolized polyacrylamide, polyacrylhydrazide and polystyrene sulfonate. (Modified author abstract).

Polyampholytes
Polyampholytes

Author: Sarkyt E. Kudaibergenov

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2002-04-30

Total Pages: 232

ISBN-13: 9780306467813

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This book comprehensively reviews the synthesis, characterization and application aspects of linear and crosslinked synthetic polyampholytes - simple model of biopolymers - starting from the 1950's. The synthetic strategy of "annealed", "quenched" and "zwitterionic" polyampholytes, the properties of polyampholytes in solutions and in gel state are considered. The complexation ability of polyampholytes with respect to transition metal ions, ionic surfactants, dyes and organic probes polyelectrolytes, proteins and colloid particles is discussed. Stimuli-sensitive behavior of various amphoteric gel and membrane systems demonstrating rhythmically phenomenon similar to that of heart beat, deformation, oscillation or self-oscillation phenomena stimulated by temperature, pH and electric field are illustrated. Catalytic properties of synthetic polyampholytes simulating the function of enzymes are also considered.

Handbook of Industrial Water Soluble Polymers
Handbook of Industrial Water Soluble Polymers

Author: Peter A. Williams

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2008-04-15

Total Pages: 344

ISBN-13: 0470994193

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Natural and synthetic water soluble polymers are used in a wide range of familiar industrial and consumer products, including coatings and inks, papers, adhesives, cosmetics and personal care products. They perform a variety of functions without which these products would be significantly more expensive, less effective or both. Written for research, development and formulation chemists, technologists and engineers at graduate level and beyond in the fine and specialty chemicals, polymers, food and pharmaceutical industries, the Handbook of Industrial Water Soluble Polymers deals specifically with the functional properties of both natural and synthetic water soluble polymers. By taking a function based approach, rather than a “polymer specific” approach the book illustrates how polymer structure leads to effect, and shows how different polymer types can be employed to achieve appropriate product properties.

Synthesis and Characterization of Water Reducible MMA-MMA Copolymers
Synthesis and Characterization of Water Reducible MMA-MMA Copolymers

Author: Hua-Jung Hu

Publisher:

Published: 1995

Total Pages: 146

ISBN-13:

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"Water reducible copolymers based on methyl methacrylate (MMA) and methacrylic acid (MAA) with molecular weights of 25,000 to 35,000 were synthesized by free-radical polymerization. Optimization of the process to achieve high yield and desired molecular weight were studied. The results showed that polymers synthesized in THF were water reducible, whereas that synthesized in 1, 4-dioxane were not water reducible. The viscosity studies of the water reducible polymers showed a decrease in viscosity in the first stage of reduction followed by a maximum viscosity at further water reduction (about 25-28% ), and a steep viscosity drop at approximately 20% solid. Newtonian behavior was observed in the shear stress vs. shear rate curves for the polymers solution below 20% solid. The rate of water reduction over the range investigated, had no effect on the viscosity of the diluted polymer solutions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies were performed to visualize the polymer particles in the reduced polymer state. Both isolated and agglomerated polymer particles were observed. The isolated polymer particles were about 5nm in diameter. The diameter corresponds well with what would be predicted a spherical polymer particle formed from a single molecule"--Abstract, leaf iii.