Ruthenium Chemistry
Ruthenium Chemistry

Author: Ajay Kumar Mishra

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2018-01-17

Total Pages: 386

ISBN-13: 1351616501

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This book will describe Ruthenium complexes as chemotherapeutic agent specifically at tumor site. It has been the most challenging task in the area of cancer therapy. Nanoparticles are now emerging as the most effective alternative to traditional chemotherapeutic approach. Nanoparticles have been shown to be useful in this respect. However, in view of organ system complicacies, instead of using nanoparticles as a delivery tool, it will be more appropriate to synthesize a drug of nanoparticle size that can use blood transport mechanism to reach the tumor site and regress cancer. Due to less toxicity and effective bio-distribution, ruthenium (Ru) complexes are of much current interest. Additionally, lumiscent Ru-complexes can be synthesized in nanoparticle size and can be directly traced at tissue level. The book will contain the synthesis, characterization, and applications of various Ruthenium complexes as chemotherapeutic agents. The book will also cover the introduction to chemotherapy, classification of Ru- complexes with respect to their oxidation states and geometry, Ruthenium complexes of nano size: shape and binding- selectivity, binding of ruthenium complexes with DNA, DNA cleavage studies and cytotoxicity. The present book will be more beneficial to researchers, scientists and biomedical. Current book will empower specially to younger generation to create a new world of ruthenium chemistry in material science as well as in medicines. This book will be also beneficial to national/international research laboratories, and academia with interest in the area of coordination chemistry more especially to the Ruthenium compounds and its applications.

Synthesis and Characterization of Cyclometalated Ruthenium (II) Complexes and Assessment of Their Potential as Pharmaceuticals
Synthesis and Characterization of Cyclometalated Ruthenium (II) Complexes and Assessment of Their Potential as Pharmaceuticals

Author: Leslie Ann Morales

Publisher:

Published: 2022

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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Cyclometalated Ruthenium (II) and RAPTA species were synthesized, characterized and evaluated on their photophysical properties and potential as anti-cancer agents. The binding affinity to yeast RNA of one of the newly synthesized compounds containing a thiophene group (LM5400) was compared to its literature precursor (Compound B) containing a phenyl group under gel electrophoresis. Results indicated that the bands of compounds; Compound A, LM3000, Compound B and LM5400 when incubated with yeast RNA, were similar to the control with the expectation of the band of LM5400 being more faint relative to the rest whenever samples were incubated for 24hrs. Photophysical experiments on cyclometalated ruthenium (II) compounds (CompoundA, LM3000, Compound B, LM5400) indicated that these compounds have an absorbance around 360 nm respectively but do not fluoresce due to extremely low emission values. Four hydrolysis studies were done on the cyclometalated ruthenium (II) species under various conditions and monitored via UV/Vis and H-NMR. Underall conditions, the absorbance and the NMR data the complexes with the j6-benzene ring (Compound A and LM3000) changed under aqueous and chloride solutions. In contrast, the absorbance of the complexes with the j6-cymene rings (Compound B and LM5400) only changed upon increased concentration. All compounds synthesized were characterized by NMR. Crystal structures were obtained for newly synthesized compounds, LM3000 and LM5400.

Ruthenium Complexes
Ruthenium Complexes

Author: Alvin A. Holder

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2018-02-27

Total Pages: 344

ISBN-13: 3527339574

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Edited by a team of highly respected researchers combining their expertise in chemistry, physics, and medicine, this book focuses on the use of rutheniumcontaining complexes in artificial photosynthesis and medicine. Following a brief introduction to the basic coordination chemistry of ruthenium complexes and their synthesis in section one, as well as their photophysical and photochemical properties, the authors discuss in detail the major concepts of artificial photosynthesis and mechanisms of hydrogen production and water oxidation with ruthenium in section two. The third section of the text covers biological properties and important medical applications of ruthenium complexes as therapeutic agents or in diagnostic imaging. Aimed at stimulating research in this active field, this is an invaluable information source for researchers in academia, health research institutes and governmental departments working in the field of organometallic chemistry, green and sustainable chemistry as well as medicine/drug discovery, while equally serving as a useful reference also for scientists in industry.

Synthesis and Characterization of Ruthenium Polypyridyl Complexes for Application in Photodynamic Therapy
Synthesis and Characterization of Ruthenium Polypyridyl Complexes for Application in Photodynamic Therapy

Author: Colin R. Spencer

Publisher:

Published: 2011

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Eighteen polypyridyl ruthenium complexes were synthesized and characterized to test their ability to be new photodynamic compounds (PDCs). Each compound bears oxazo- or imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline ligands with a varying R-group and 2,2-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline ancillary ligands. Biological tests were employed for the complexes to test the potential to be new PDCs, and included DNA photocleavage, DNA binding, and photocytotoxicity. Compounds containing thiophenes as the R-group showed significant DNA damage in the photocleavage assays as well as light toxicity and low dark toxicity in photocytotoxic assays. Compounds with 1,10-phenanthroline ancillary ligands generally showed more DNA photocleavage, unwinding, and binding compared to their 2,2'-bipyridine counterparts. Dinuclear compounds containing the bis(imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline) bridging ligand exhibited the best results for high light toxicity and low dark toxicity, the strongest binding to DNA, and the most potency for DNA photocleavage. As such these compounds are promising candidates for new PDCs and warrant further investigations.

Synthesis and Characterization of Hybrid Drugs Based on Ruthenium Complex Moiety and Biologically Active Organic Compounds
Synthesis and Characterization of Hybrid Drugs Based on Ruthenium Complex Moiety and Biologically Active Organic Compounds

Author: Michał Pawel Łomzik

Publisher:

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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The main goal of this thesis was synthesis and preliminary characterization of novel ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes bearing biologically active molecules as potential theranostic agents. Luminescence for the diagnostic applications, and cytotoxicity for the anticancer, therapeutic applications are considered as the theranostic properties. Four new ligands containing biologically active moieties - 5-(4-4'-methyl-[2,2'-bipyridine]-4-ylbut-1-yn-1-yl)pyridine-2-carbaldehyde semicarbazone (L1), 3-(5-4'-methyl-[2,2'-bipyridine]-4-ylpentyl)imidazolidine-2,4-dione (L2), 5,5-dimethyl-3-(5-4'-methyl-[2,2'-bipyridine]-4-ylpentyl)imidazolidine-2,4-dione (L3) and [1-(5-4'-methyl-[2,2'-bipyridine]-4-ylpentyl)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl]urea (L4) were synthesized and characterized. The ligands were used to obtain nine novel ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes. Six complexes were synthesized with ligand L1 ([Ru(bpy)2(L1)]2+, [Ru(Mebpy)2(L1)]2+, [Ru(tBubpy)2(L1)]2+, [Ru(Phbpy)2(L1)]2+, [Ru(dip)2(L1)]2+, [Ru(SO3dip)2(L1)]2-) and three with ligands L2, L3 and L4 ([Ru(bpy)2(L2)]2+, [Ru(bpy)2(L3)]2+, [Ru(bpy)2(L4)]2+) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, Mebpy = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2-bipyridine, tBubpy = 4,4'-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine, Phbpy = 4,4'-diphenyl-2,2-bipyridine, dip = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenantroline and SO3dip = 4,7-di-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-1,10-phenantroline). The spectroscopic and photophysical properties of those complexes were determined. The presence of ligands L1-L4 in the structure of the complex decreased luminescence quantum yield and luminescence lifetime in comparison with unmodified [Ru(bpy)3]2+ complex. The theoretical calculations have shown that ligands L1-L4 do not have influence on ruthenium core geometry. However, they increased the energy of the HOMO that resulted in a shorter band gap. The simulated electronic absorption spectra were in a good agreement with the experimental data. The interactions between the studied ruthenium complexes and human serum albumin (HSA) were investigated. All studied Ru(II) complexes exhibited strong affinity to HSA with the association constant 105 M-1s-1, which suggests formation of Ru complex-HSA adducts. It was also determined that ruthenium complexes most likely bind to the hydrophobic pocket of protein, located in Sudlow's site I in the subdomain II A. Preliminary cytotoxicity evaluation for the studied ruthenium complexes showed their cytotoxic activity towards cancer cell lines. Those results, together with good luminescence properties of the studied ruthenium complexes (luminescence lifetimes and luminescence quantum yield) make them interesting candidates for potential theranostic applications.