This book brings together important contributions and state-of-the-art research results in the rapidly advancing area of symbolic analysis of analog circuits. It is also of interest to those working in analog CAD. The book is an excellent reference, providing insights into some of the most important issues in the symbolic analysis of analog circuits.
It is a great honor to provide a few words of introduction for Dr. Georges Gielen's and Prof. Willy Sansen's book "Symbolic analysis for automated design of analog integrated circuits". The symbolic analysis method presented in this book represents a significant step forward in the area of analog circuit design. As demonstrated in this book, symbolic analysis opens up new possibilities for the development of computer-aided design (CAD) tools that can analyze an analog circuit topology and automatically size the components for a given set of specifications. Symbolic analysis even has the potential to improve the training of young analog circuit designers and to guide more experienced designers through second-order phenomena such as distortion. This book can also serve as an excellent reference for researchers in the analog circuit design area and creators of CAD tools, as it provides a comprehensive overview and comparison of various approaches for analog circuit design automation and an extensive bibliography. The world is essentially analog in nature, hence most electronic systems involve both analog and digital circuitry. As the number of transistors that can be integrated on a single integrated circuit (IC) substrate steadily increases over time, an ever increasing number of systems will be implemented with one, or a few, very complex ICs because of their lower production costs.
"Symbolic analyzers have the potential to offer knowledge to sophomores as well as practitioners of analog circuit design. Actually, they are an essential complement to numerical simulators, since they provide insight into circuit behavior which numerical "
Electrical Engineering Symbolic Analysis Techniques Applications to Analog Design Automation Symbolic Analysis Techniques is a collection of original contributions from renowned experts in the field presenting the most recent and important applications of symbolic analysis to analog circuit design. This timely, self-contained volume features an in-depth tutorial introduction to the techniques and algorithms underlying modern symbolic analyzers, and includes many references at the end of each chapter. Applications are discussed in a variety of important fields: Automatic generation of optimum circuit topologies Interactive circuit improvement and automated design space exploration Non-fixed topology analog synthesis tools Semiconductor parameter extraction Analog testability and fault diagnosis And many more related areas! Symbolic Analysis Techniques also features an extensive comparison of modern symbolic analyzer characteristics and limitations. Brimming with practical instructions on tasks like formula simplification and post-processing, this book will be of use and interest to graduate students, researchers, and engineers involved in computer-aided circuits analysis and analog design automation.
The analysis and prediction of nonlinear behavior in electronic circuits has long been a topic of concern for analog circuit designers. The recent explosion of interest in portable electronics such as cellular telephones, cordless telephones and other applications has served to reinforce the importance of these issues. The need now often arises to predict and optimize the distortion performance of diverse electronic circuit configurations operating in the gigahertz frequency range, where nonlinear reactive effects often dominate. However, there have historically been few sources available from which design engineers could obtain information on analysis tech niques suitable for tackling these important problems. I am sure that the analog circuit design community will thus welcome this work by Dr. Wambacq and Professor Sansen as a major contribution to the analog circuit design literature in the area of distortion analysis of electronic circuits. I am personally looking forward to hav ing a copy readily available for reference when designing integrated circuits for communication systems.
The tools and techniques you need to break the analog design bottleneck! Ten years ago, analog seemed to be a dead-end technology. Today, System-on-Chip (SoC) designs are increasingly mixed-signal designs. With the advent of application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) technologies that can integrate both analog and digital functions on a single chip, analog has become more crucial than ever to the design process. Today, designers are moving beyond hand-crafted, one-transistor-at-a-time methods. They are using new circuit and physical synthesis tools to design practical analog circuits; new modeling and analysis tools to allow rapid exploration of system level alternatives; and new simulation tools to provide accurate answers for analog circuit behaviors and interactions that were considered impossible to handle only a few years ago. To give circuit designers and CAD professionals a better understanding of the history and the current state of the art in the field, this volume collects in one place the essential set of analog CAD papers that form the foundation of today's new analog design automation tools. Areas covered are: * Analog synthesis * Symbolic analysis * Analog layout * Analog modeling and analysis * Specialized analog simulation * Circuit centering and yield optimization * Circuit testing Computer-Aided Design of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems is the cutting-edge reference that will be an invaluable resource for every semiconductor circuit designer and CAD professional who hopes to break the analog design bottleneck.
Symbolic Analysis in Analog Integrated Circuit Design provides an introduction to computer-aided circuit analysis and presents systematic methods for solving linear (i.e. small-signal) and nonlinear circuit problems, which are illustrated by concrete examples. Computer-aided symbolic circuit analysis is useful in analog integrated circuit design. Analytic expressions for the network transfer functions contain information that is not provided by a numerical simulation result. However, these expressions are generally extremely long and difficult to interpret; therefore, it is necessary to be able to approximate them guided by the magnitude of the individual circuit parameters. Engineering has been described as `the art of making approximations'. The inclusion of symbolic analysis in analog circuit design reduces the implied risk of ambiguity during the approximation process. A systematic method based on the nullor concept is used to obtain the basic feedback transistor amplifier configurations. Approximate expressions for the locations of poles and zeros for linear networks are obtained using the extended pole-splitting technique. An unusual feature in Symbolic Analysis in Analog Integrated Circuit Design is the consistent use of the transadmittance element with finite (linear or nonlinear) or infinite (i.e. nullor) gain as the only requisite circuit element. The describing function method is used to obtain approximate symbolic expressions for the harmonic distortion generated by a soft or hard transconductance nonlinearity embedded in an arbitrary linear network. The design and implementation of a program (i.e. CASCA) for symbolic analysis of time-continuous networks is described. The algorithms can also be used to solve other linear problems, e.g. the analysis of time-discrete switched-capacitor networks. Symbolic Analysis in Analog Integrated Circuit Design serves as an excellent resource for students and researchers as well as for industry designers who want to familiarize themselves with circuit analysis. This book may also be used for advanced courses on the subject.
This book is a compilation and a collection of tutorials and recent advances in the use of nullors (combinations of nullators and norators) and pathological mirrors in analog circuit and system design. It highlights the basic theory, trends and challenges in the field, making it an excellent reference resource for researchers and designers working in the synthesis, analysis, and design of analog integrated circuits. With its tutorial character, it can also be used for teaching. Singular elements such as nullors and pathological mirrors can arguably be considered as universal blocks since they can represent all existing analog building blocks, and they allow complex integrated circuits to be designed simply and effectively. These pathological elements are now used in a wide range of applications in modern circuit/system theory, and also in design practice.
This book includes recent research that focuses on analog integrated circuits and covers three main topics, namely: fundamentals, synthesis and performance. Eleven chapters are divided among these three topics as follows: Chapters One to Four are a part of fundamentals. The first chapter (The Next Generation of Nanomaterials for Designing Analog Integrated Circuits) describes new directions for applying nanomaterials for the design of modern analog circuits. Chapter Two (Application of Nullors in Designing Analog Circuits for Frequency Bandwidth) uses the pathological circuit element known as a nullor to design analog integrated circuits with frequency specifications to accomplish a desired bandwidth. Chapter Three (RC and RL to LC Circuit Conversion, and its Application in Poles and Zeros Identification) details an important property from circuit theory to estimate roots by performing conversions of passive elements. Chapter Four (Enhanced and Improved Symbolic Circuit Analysis Using MATLAB) relays the development of symbolic circuit analysis and focuses on enhancing an already developed symbolic tool to allow the symbolic analysis of large circuits. The synthesis of analog integrated circuits has been a challenge because there is no way to establish general rules to cover the gap between the behavioral and transistor circuit levels of abstraction. In this book, the second topic includes four chapters, from Five to Eight. Chapter Five (On the Synthesis of Sinusoidal Oscillators Using Nullors), just as in Chapter Two, uses the pathological circuit element known as a nullor to perform the synthesis of sinusoidal oscillators, which are quite useful in many electronic systems. Other kinds of oscillators are described in Chapter Six (Synthesis of SRCOs and Multi-Phase Oscillators from State Variables to their Implementation Using CMOS IC Technology) where the synthesis process identifies the resistor that controls the oscillating frequency and applies a state variable approach. Chapter Seven (Evolutionary Optimisation in the Design of CMOS Analog Integrated Circuits) shows the application of heuristics for circuit optimisation, and how it can be extended to bigger analog integrated circuits. Chapter Eight provides details on the synthesis and design of a CMOS harmonic mixer with output power management for narrowband and wideband wireless communications: the Bluetooth and UWB cases. The third part of this book is devoted to analog circuit performances and includes three chapters. Chapter Nine details the FPGA realisation of radio frequency (RF) power amplifier models. In this case, the system is modeled in the analog domain and implemented in the digital one. Chapter Ten White-Box Models of Optimal-Sized Solutions of Analog Integrated Circuits) generates analytical expressions for modeling the dominant behavior of CMOS analog circuits. Finally, Chapter Eleven (Radial Basis Function Surrogate Modeling for the Accurate Design of Analog Circuits) applies modern modeling approaches to accomplish real target specifications and to improve the design of reliable circuits.
Symbolic analysis is an intriguing topic in VLSI designs. The analysis methods are crucial for the applications to the parasitic reduction and analog circuit evaluation. However, analyzing circuits symbolically remains a challenging research issue. Therefore, in this book, we survey the recent results as the progress of on-going works rather than as the solution of the field. For parasitic reduction, we approximate a huge amount of electrical parameters into a simplified RLC network. This reduction allows us to handle very large integrated circuits with given memory capacity and CPU time. A symbolic analysis approach reduces the circuit according to the network topology. Thus, the designer can maintain the meaning of the original network and perform the analysis hierarchically. For analog circuit designs, symbolic analysis provides the relation between the tunable parameters and the characteristics of the circuit. The analysis allows us to optimize the circuit behavior. The book is divided into three parts. Part I touches on the basics of circuit analysis in time domain and in s domain. For an s domain expression, the Taylor's expansion with s approaching infinity is equivalent to the time domain solution after the inverse Laplace transform. On the other hand, the Taylor's expansion when s approaches zero derives the moments of the output responses in time domain. Part II focuses on the techniques for parasitic reduction. In Chapter 2, we present the approximation methods to match the first few moments with reduced circuit orders. In Chapter 3, we apply the Y-Delta transformation to reduce the dynamic linear network. The method finds the exact values of the low order coefficients of the numerator and denominator of the transfer function and thus matches part of the moments. In Chapter 4, we handle two major issues of the Y-Delta transformation: common factors in fractional expressions and round-off errors. Chapter 5 explains the stability of the reduced expression, in particular the Ruth-Hurwitz Criterion. We make an effort to describe the proof of the Criterion because the details are omitted in most of the contemporary textbooks. In Chapter 6, we present techniques to synthesize circuits to approximate the reduced expressions after the transformation. In Part III, we discuss symbolic generation of the determinants and cofactors for the application to analog designs. In Chapter 7, we depict the classical topological analysis approach. In Chapter 8, we describe a determinant decision diagram approach that exploits the sparsity of the matrix to accelerate the computation. In Chapter 9, we take only significant terms when we search through determinant decision diagram to approximate the solution. In Chapter 10, we extend the determinant decision diagram to a hierarchical model. The construction of the modules through the hierarchy is similar to the Y-Delta transformation in the sense that a byproduct of common factors appears in the numerator and denominator. Therefore, we describe the method to prune the common factors.
