This publication explores rural wastewater management in the People’s Republic of China and suggests ways forward. It highlights current institutional arrangements and recent policy developments, including regulations, funding arrangements, and education and participatory approaches used to improve wastewater management in rural areas. It includes a summary of provincial case studies showing challenges faced and achievements to date. It also provides an overview of approaches used to improve rural sanitation management and discusses international experiences in the planning and design of such programs.
This study provides an overview of the water security situation in the People's Republic of China. It assesses the policy and institutional requirements for addressing issues and recommends strategic areas for strengthening and reform. The five dimensions of water security covered in the research are domestic water security, economic production water security, environmental water security, ecological water security, and resilience to water-related disasters. A summary of key policy recommendations identifies the essential measures needed to effectively move forward the alleviation of water security issues in different time frames.
The rapid pace of growth, the sectoral structure of the economy, the sources of energy used, and increased urbanization are four large-scale drivers behind the complex environmental agenda of the People's Republic of China (PRC). To improve the quality of the ambient environment, the recently released Macro Strategic Research Report on the PRC's Environment recognized the need for changing the momentum of the four driving forces, and included visions throughout 2050 for long-term environmentally sustainable development. Revisiting these visions for the future, this paper examines the key elements that the government needs to keep in mind in its efforts toward environmentally sustainable development, and articulates the role that the Asian Development Bank can play in contributing to the government's environmental agenda in the next decade.
The supply of reliable and safe water is a key challenge for developing countries, particularly India. Community management has long been the declared model for rural water supply and is recognised to be critical for its implementation and success. Based on 20 detailed successful case studies from across India, this book outlines future rural water supply approaches for all lower-income countries as they start to follow India on the economic growth (and subsequent service levels) transition. The case studies cover state-level wealth varying from US$2,600 to US$10,000 GDP per person and a mix of gravity flow, single village and multi-village groundwater and surface water schemes. The research reported covers 17 states and surveys of 2,400 households. Together, they provide a spread of cases directly relevant to policy-makers in lower-income economies planning to upgrade the quality and sustainability of rural water supply to meet the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly in the context of economic growth.
By means of multidisciplinary research on urban and rural planning, construction engineering, environmental engineering and engineering sociology, this book conducts pioneering research on the construction theory, construction methods, evaluation technology and application of demonstration projects in China’s green villages and towns. The book is divided into three parts and eleven chapters. Part I is about the theory and development of green village and town construction, including the theory and innovation, the evolution and development, the patterns and mechanisms, and the community of green village and town construction. Part II is about the planning and construction methods of green villages and towns, including the plan compilation, the environmental infrastructure construction, and the construction and renovation of green buildings in villages and towns. Part III is about the evaluation of the planning and construction of green villages and towns, including the evaluation of plans, the evaluation of environmental infrastructure construction, the evaluation of green building construction, and the comprehensive evaluation of the planning and construction of green villages and towns. Today, 564 million farmers live in 28,500 towns and 2.452 million villages in China. In 2018 alone, 820 million m2 of new houses were built in rural areas. This proves that China’s green village and town construction has great significance and can provide enlightenment to developing countries and even to the world. The book describes new theories, new perspectives and new methods of green village and town sustainable construction in China for overseas experts and readers.
A new model for water management is emerging worldwide in response to water shortages, polluted waterways, climate change, and loss of biodiversity. Cities and towns are questioning the ecological and financial sustainability of big-pipe water, stormwater, and sewer systems and are searching for “lighter footprint” more sustainable solutions. Pilot projects are being built that use, treat, store, and reuse water locally and that build distributed designs into restorative hydrology. This book has been developed from the conference on Sustainable Water Infrastructure for Villages and Cities of the Future (SWIF2009) held in November 2009 in Beijing (China) that brought together an international gathering of experts in urban water and drainage infrastructure, landscape architecture, economics, environmental law, citizen participation, utility management, green building, and science and technology development. Water Infrastructure for Sustainable Communities China and the World reveals how imaginative concepts are being developed and implemented to ensure that cities, towns, and villages and their water resources can become ecologically sustainable and provide clean water. With both urban and rural waters as a focal point, the links between water quality and hydrology, landscape, and the broader concepts of green cities/villages and smart development are explored. The book focuses on decentralized concepts of potable water, stormwater, and wastewater management that would provide clean water. It results in water management systems that would be resilient to extreme events such as excessive flows due to extreme meteorological events, severe droughts, and deteriorated water and urban ecosystem quality. A particular emphasis is placed on learning lessons from the many innovative projects being designed in China and other initiatives around the world. The principal audience for the book is university faculty and students, scientists in research institutes, water professionals, governmental organizations, NGOs, urban landscape architects and planners. Visit the IWA WaterWiki to read and share material related to this title: http://www.iwawaterwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Articles/WaterInfrastructureforSustainableCommunities Edited by Professor Xiaodi Hao, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, P. R. of China, Professor Vladimir Novotny, Northeastern University, Boston, USA and Dr Valerie Nelson, Coalition for Alternative Wastewater Treatment, MA, USA
This report traces the journey and partnership of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) over the past decade in four areas: environmental protection and ecological conservation, rural economy, green livable cities, and climate change mitigation and adaptation. It highlights how the green development partnership between the PRC and ADB has evolved over the years. Best practices, innovations, and lessons learned offer insights for ADB, its developing member countries, and other development partners. The report also presents forward-looking directions for further collaboration by the PRC and ADB in pursuit of a more sustainable future.
This publication is a history of the partnership between the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) spanning three decades. Since joining ADB in 1986, the PRC has evolved from being a poor and predominantly agrarian economy to an upper-middle-income manufacturing and services powerhouse that has become a leading international source of financial, technical, and knowledge cooperation. This historically unprecedented transformation has shaped every aspect of the ADB–PRC relationship. The successful partnership owes much to the PRC's unique approach to developing its economy, and offers valuable lessons for other countries and development partners.
This publication presents the results of a 2-year effort to update environmental assessment in the People's Republic of China (PRC). The research was a collaborative effort involving the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the National Development and Reform Commission, and numerous other technical and research institutions in the PRC. Based on this research and extensive consultations, ADB proposes a wide range of programs and policies that will help improve environmental quality despite new and emerging sources of pollution and challenges to natural resources management. Inclusive growth and a green economy are the government's guiding principles for its development agenda under the 12th Five-Year Plan and beyond to 2020. To support these principles, the PRC needs to restructure its economic and fiscal systems to reflect environmental externality, expand the use of market-based instruments to control pollution, and introduce and implement legal reforms to clarify responsibility and promote cooperation.
