This book is addressed to planners and engineers responsible for the design of water treatment plants to be built in Africa, Asia and Latin America. In particular, it is intended for small or isolated communities which may need to employ technologies which do not depend on capital-intensive mechanization and instrumentation.
This book discusses the basic considerations that need addressing when designing or building water treatment plants. Also presents a series of appropriate treatment requirements and processes for plants for use by communities in developing countries.
Completely up-to-date coverage of water treatment facility design and operation This Second Edition of Susumu Kawamura's landmark volume offerscomprehensive coverage of water treatment facility design, from thebasic principles to the latest innovations. It covers a broadspectrum of water treatment process designs in detail and offersclear guidelines on how to choose the unit, process, and equipmentthat will maximize overall efficiency and minimize maintenancecosts. This book also explores many important operational issuesthat affect today's plant operators and facility designers. This new edition introduces several new subjects, including valueengineering, watershed management, dissolved air flotation process,filtered reservoir (clearwell) design, and electrical systemdesign. It provides expanded and updated coverage of objectives forfinished water quality, instrumentation and control, disinfectionprocess, ozonation, disinfection by-product control, the GACprocess, and the membrane filtration process. Other importantfeatures of this Second Edition include: * Practical guidance on the design of every water treatment plantcomponent * New information on plant layout, cost estimation, sedimentationissues, and more * English and SI units throughout * Help in designing for compliance with water treatment-relatedgovernment regulations Supplemented with hundreds of illustrations, charts, and tables,Integrated Design and Operation of Water Treatment Facilities,Second Edition is an indispensable, hands-on resource for civilengineers and managers, whether working on new facilities orredesigning and rebuilding existing facilities.
Upgrading Water Treatment Plants is a comprehensive and practical guide providing the technical detail required to upgrade existing water treatment plants to increase processing efficiency and improve overall quality without the need for substantial investment into new physical plant installation. Based on practical experience and field tested methodology, this book is an invaluable reference for civil engineers, treatment plant managers and water scientists in consultancies, water utilities, government agencies and international organisations concerned with public health and water quality.
There are 17 comprehensive and detailed Sustainable Development Goals, which are all interlinked. Although access to water, sanitation, and hygiene is a human right, billions of people in developing countries are still faced with daily challenges accessing even the most basic of services, specifically the poor and vulnerable in communities. Hygiene is an important aspect for women/girls to access the economic, educational, and social opportunities they deserve. Proper hygiene removes disease as a barrier for equality, economic growth, and more. The role of hygiene in water, sanitation, and infections must be addressed from both scientific and social perspectives. This book provides the reader with an analysis of hygiene behaviors and practices and provides evidence-based examples in a number of developing countries.
First published in 1958, Salvato's Environmental Engineering has long been the definitive reference for generations of sanitation and environmental engineers. Approaching its fiftieth year of continual publication in a rapidly changing field, the Sixth Edition has been fully reworked and reorganized into three separate, succinct volumes to adapt to a more complex and scientifically demanding field with dozens of specializations. Updated and reviewed by leading experts in the field, this revised edition offers new process and plant design examples and added coverage of such subjects as urban and rural systems. Stressing the practicality and appropriateness of treatment, the Sixth Edition provides realistic solutions for the practicing public health official, water treatment engineer, plant operator, and others in the domestic and industrial waste treatment professions. This volume, Environmental Engineering: Water, Wastewater, Soil and Groundwater Treatment and Remediation, Sixth Edition, covers: Water treatment Water supply Wastewater treatment
These volumes are part of Encyclopedia of Water Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The three volumes present state-of-the art subject matter of various aspects of Common Fundamentals and Unit Operations in Thermal Desalination Systems such as: Conventional Water Treatment Technologies; Guidelines for Potable Water Purification; Advanced Treatment Technologies for Recycle - Reuse of Domestic Wastewater; Composition of Desalinated Water; Crystallization; Deep Bed Filtration: Modeling Theory and Practice; Distillation ; Rectification; Flocculation and Flocculation Filtration; Hazardous Waste Treatment Technologies; Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration; Post-Treatment of Distillate and Permeate; Pre-Cleaning Measures: Filtration; Raw Water Pre-Treatment: Sludge Treatment Technologies; Supercritical Extraction; Potential for Industrial Wastewater Reuse; Treatment of Industrial Wastewater by Membrane Bioreactors; Unconventional Sources of Water Supply; Problem of Non-Condensable Gas Release in Evaporators; Entrainment in Evaporators; Mist Eliminators; Chemical Hazards in Seawater Desalination by the Multistage-Flash Evaporation Technique; Concentration of Liquid Foods; Environmental Impact of Seawater Desalination Plants; Environmental Impacts of Intakes and Out Falls; Industrial Ecology, Water Resources, and Desalination; Rural and Urban Water Supply and Sanitation; Sustainable Development, Water Supply and Sanitation Technology These volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy and Decision Makers.
Affordable and effective domestic wastewater treatment is a critical issue in public health and disease prevention around the world, particularly so in developing countries which often lack the financial and technical resources necessary for proper treatment facilities. This practical guide provides state-of-the-art coverage of methods for domestic wastewater treatment and provides a foundation to the practical design of wastewater treatment and re-use systems. The emphasis is on low-cost, low-energy, low-maintenance, high-performance 'natural' systems that contribute to environmental sustainability by producing effluents that can be safely and profitably used in agriculture for crop irrigation and/or in aquaculture, for fish and aquatic vegetable pond fertilization. Modern design methodologies, with worked design examples, are described for waste stabilization ponds, wastewater storage and treatment reservoirs; constructed wetlands, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors, biofilters, aerated lagoons and oxidation ditches. This book is essential reading for engineers, academics and upper-level and graduate students in engineering, wastewater management and public health, and others interested in sustainable and cost-effective technologies for reducing wastewater-related diseases and environmental damage.
The microbiology of drinking water remains an important worldwide concern despite modem progress in science and engineering. Countries that are more technologically advanced have experienced a significant reduction in water borne morbidity within the last 100 years: This reduction has been achieved through the application of effective technologies for the treatment, disinfec tion, and distribution of potable water. However, morbidity resulting from the ingestion of contaminated water persists globally, and the available ep idemiological evidence (Waterborne Diseases in the United States, G. F. Craun, ed. , 1986, CRC Press) demonstrates a dramatic increase in the number of waterborne outbreaks and individual cases within the United States since the mid-1960s. In addition, it should also be noted that the incidence of water borne outbreaks of unknown etiology and those caused by "new" pathogens, such as Campylobaeter sp. , is also increasing in the United States. Although it might be debated whether these increases are real or an artifact resulting from more efficient reporting, it is clear that waterborne morbidity cannot be ignored in the industrialized world. More significantly, it represents one of the most important causes of illness within developing countries. Approxi mately one-half the world's population experiences diseases that are the direct consequence of drinking polluted water. Such illnesses are the primary cause of infant mortality in many Third World countries.
