People go to extraordinary lengths to gain and defend their status. Those with higher status are listened to more, receive more deference from others, and are perceived as having more power. People with higher status also tend to have better health and longevity. In short, status matters. Despite the importance of status, particularly in the workplace, it has received comparatively little attention from management scholars. It is only relatively recently that they have turned their attention to the powerful role that social status plays in organizations. This book brings together this important work, showing why we should distinguish status from power, hierarchy and work quality. It also shows how a better understanding of status can be used to address problems in a number of different areas, including strategic acquisitions, the development of innovations, new venture funding, executive compensation, discrimination, and team diversity effects.
Barnard was prompted by Vilfredo Pareto's seminal four volume work Mind and Society to apply his theories of sociology to management studies. Barnard's study of interaction between people in economic settings was contentious in that he concluded that human behaviour within these settings is largely non-economic and instead approaches ritualistic symbolism.
Organizations: Management Without Control provides a comprehensive understanding of the functions of formal organizations and the challenges they face. The most effective organizations provide members with opportunities to achieve their personal goals while pursuing the organization's objectives. Using a practical approach with minimal jargon, author Howard P. Greenwald covers the basic features of organizations such as roles, structure, reward systems, power and authority, and culture and introduces important theoretical perspectives related to these features. Key Features Emphasizes the theme of "management without control": This volume differs from most standard texts by highlighting both the challenges and opportunities that result from the independence of the individuals in the organization's ranks. Stresses the importance of individual motivation and self-fulfillment: Recognizing the individual's responsibility for their own success, the book helps readers evaluate clues to whether the organization to which they belong is an adequate opportunity. Offers a critical perspective on current fads and management ideologies: Proposing no formulaic solutions, the book provides the perspectives required to understand each organization's uniqueness and to develop remedies to issues as they arise. Makes theory accessible through numerous real-life examples: Chapters include examples from life in business organizations, government agencies, non-profits, clubs, friendship groups, and families. Examines multinational corporations: Challenges involved in management on an international scale are explored as the book applies the principle of individual and group independence to global matters. Underscores multidisciplinary interest in organizations: Content is drawn from sociology, social psychology, anthropology, and management science. Intended Audience This introductory textbook on formal organizations is designed for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses such as Organizational Behavior, Managing Complex Organizations, Sociology of Organizations, and Government/Non-profit Management in the departments of business, public administration, health administration, social work, sociology, and psychology. Instructor's Resources An Instructor's Resource CD is available upon request. This CD provides PowerPoint presentations, test questions, additional examples and cases, suggested exercises, and much more!
This book examines social status as a social mechanism and a social fact that strongly shapes how markets and organizations are regulated, managed, and preserved over time. The first part of this book identifies a number of organizational issues and managerial concerns that can be framed as being a matter of the cognitive perspectives of social actors, and better explained on the basis of such conditions. The second part demonstrates the analytical value of the concept of status in a variety of organizational settings and market contexts. In the three empirical settings, status does play a key role when resources such as legitimacy (in urban development projects), revenues from sales (in video game marketing), and access to venture capital (in life science companies) are distributed. This book summarizes and reviews the academic literature on status and organization studies, as well as providing valuable information for researchers conducting empirical testing. It will be of great interest to students and scholars of Organizations and Social Systems.
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This twenty-sixth volume of Research in Organizational Behavior presents a set of well-crafted and thoughtful essays on a series of research topics. They range from efforts to redirect the study of leadership, to analyses of interpersonal relationships, to considerations of cross-cultural issues in organizing work, to discussions of institutional and environmental forces on organizational outcomes. Each of these essays includes a thorough review of the relevant literature, and more importantly, pushes that literature forward with new conceptual analysis and theory. In short, these essays continue the spirit of "rigorous eclecticism" that has exemplified the annual publication of ROB. As a collection, this year's set of essays provides a healthy advance for the field of organizational behavior. They are examples of serious scholarship that extend and challenge our current thinking about organizations and the behavior of its participants. Many of these chapters will take their place among the best presented by the Research in Organizational Behavior series. • Revisiting the Meaning of Leadership • When and How Team Leaders Matter • Normal Act of Irrational Trust: Motivated Attributions and the Trust Development Process • Gender Stereotypes and Negotiation Performance: An Examination of Theory and Research • Third-Party Reactions to Employee (Mis)treatment: A Justice Perspective • Subgroup Dynamics in Internationally Distributed Teams: Ethnocentrism or Cross-National Learning? • Protestant Relational Ideology: The Cognitive Underpinnings and Organizational Implications of an American Anomaly • Isomorphism In Reverse: Institutional Theory as an Explanation For Recent Increases in Intraindustry Heterogeneity and Managerial Discretion • The Red Queen: History-Dependent Competition Among Organizations
Since its birth with the creation of the international Red Cross in 1863, international humanitarian assistance has developed considerably since World War II. In accordance with the Red Cross principle of humanity, it aims at preventing and alleviating human suffering wherever it may be found, protecting life and health and ensuring respect for the human being. International humanitarian assistance involves a complex network of government agencies, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, and individual volunteers: it has been labelled a `non-system'. While governments and intergovernmental organizations play a dominant and structured role in this field, the non-governmental organizations and their volunteers have proved to be their necessary operational partners, providing material, medical and moral relief and care wherever it may be needed, beyond borders, at the grassroots level. Following a brief review of recent humanitarian activities of intergovernmental organizations, and an analysis of current trends of voluntarism, this book focuses on the role, status and attitudes of the major humanitarian non-governmental organizations, including the Red Cross organizations, the British charities, Church-related agencies, medical volunteers (such as the `French Doctors') and U.N. volunteers. Should humanitarian non-governmental organizations provide relief assistance with the Red Cross concern for discretion, neutrality and impartiality? Or should they bear witness and denounce publicly human rights violations, at the risk of being expelled from recipient countries and having to stop their assistance? The controversial claim of a `right' to receive and a `duty' to provide humanitarian assistance beyond borders is also addressed, as well as the possible need for a status to be accorded to international volunteers.
Introduction Education is a complex process which involves different components such as pupils, teachers, employees, building, money, equipment, rules and regulations etc. All these components have to be managed properly in order to run the entire process smoothly. Educational Administration deals with all these components of education and integrates the different parts into a comprehensive whole for the smooth functioning of educational process. We all know that for any process to run, we need different components, a proper procedure and a machinery to fulfill its specific end in view. Educational administration is a comprehensive effort to integrate different components of education to achieve the aim and objectives of education. It is a dynamic side of education, which generally deals with the educational practices. Educational administration always deals with an educational organization or institution right from school, college, to university or any other seat of higher learning. It also deals with the different aspects of education such as planning, decision making, implementation of educational policies, evaluation, framing and implementing rules and regulations of the institution, finances, and different problems of pupils, teachers, employees and above all, realization of some specific aims of education.
